Main etiological agents identified in 170 men with urethritis attended at the Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Abstract

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a global public health problem. Urethritis are among the most common STIs, and can cause several complications and facilitate the transmission of the HIV virus. Objectives To investigate the main etiologic agents of urethritis in 170 men treated at Fundação Alfredo da Matta. Methods To identify the agents, urethral exudate and urine were collected. Gram and culture tests were performed in Thayer-Martin medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and herpes simplex types 1 and 2. Results N. gonorrhoeae were identified in 102 (60.0%) patients, C. trachomatis in 50 (29.4%), U. urealyticum in 29 (17.0%), M. genitalium in 11 (6.5 %), U. parvum in ten (5.9%), and M. hominis in seven (4.1%). Herpes simplex type 2 was diagnosed in 24 (21.6%) of the 111 patients who underwent PCR for this pathogen. In 69 cases there was co-infection; the most frequent were: N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (14.7%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 21 (12.4%) patients; N. gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex type 2 in 11 (6.5%), and N. gonorrhoeae and U. urealyticum in nine (5.3%). Study limitations Not relevant. Conclusion N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum , and herpes simplex type 2 were the pathogens most frequently identified in the present study. The main coinfection found was N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis . T. vaginalis and herpes simplex type 1 were not identified in any of the patients.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium among Patients with Urogenital Symptoms in Istanbul

“…De Souza et al [ 23 ] investigated the presence of sexually transmitted bacteria in urethral swabs of 170 men by using conventional methods and molecular tests. The authors detected NG in 102 (60.0%), CT in 50 (29.4%), U. urealyticum in 29 (17.0%), MG in 11 (6.5%), U. parvum in 10 (5.9%), and M. hominis in 7 (4.1%) patients by the PCR method.…”

“…Single infection with NG, CT, and MG was reported in 46 (27.1%), 13 (7.6%), and 5 (2.9%) patients, respectively. The co-infection rate was 40.6%, and the most frequently detected co-infection was dual infection with NG and CT. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the rate of co-infection is high and molecular techniques are advantageous for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of the infections, which are crucial for both the treatment and prevention of STDs [ 23 ]. In 138 patients with urethritis included in our study, NG (5.8%), CT (13%), and MG (10.1%) were detected at higher rates, and the overall co-infection rate (4.1%) was approximately tenfold lower than that reported by de Souza et al [ 23 ].…”

“…It was found that differences could be detected even in the same country data and that the prevalence values of targets such as CT, NG, and MG may vary according to the method, sample, and clinical situation. When overall prevalence rates were analyzed, it is seen that the prevalence of CT is higher than NG and MG, except for the study in Brazil [ 23 ]. In terms of the relationship between CT and infertility, the incidence of CT was found to be 4% and above in other studies and in our study.…”

Ureaplasma urealyticum induces polymorphonuclear elastase to change semen properties and reduce sperm motility: a prospective observational study

“… 2 However, its potential for harm to the human body remains unclear. Some studies have shown that the rapid propagation of UU can cause pathological conditions such as genital tract infection, 3 genital tract blockage, 3 vaginitis, 4 cervicitis, 5 urethritis, 6 and prostatitis. 7 The latest research showed that UU is an important microorganism in the male reproductive tract and can affect the quality of sperm.…”

Estudo qualitativo descritivo sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis como base para disseminação de informações: uma ação com alunos de ensino médio no estado de Pernambuco

“…Dentre essas situações, as Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) são um problema de saúde pública de abrangência mundial que têm provocado algumas das doenças mais comuns em circulação na sociedade e corroboram para o desenvolvimento de problemas de infertilidade, desenvolvimento de câncer, complicações na gravidez, morte ou infecção fetal e até mesmo problemas psicológicos e de convívio social atrelado ao estigma (Dias et al, 2021;Domingues et al, 2021). Dentre os principais agentes causadores das ISTs, podemos destacar os fungos, bactérias e protozoários, que têm sua disseminação facilitada, principalmente pela prática sexual sem a utilização de preservativos (de Souza et al, 2021;Gerhardt et al, 2008). Os fatores que contribuem para a transmissão contínua de ISTs nas populações são múltiplos, complexos e específicos ao contexto.…”