UVB, UVA, and visible light (blue-violet range) transmittance of clothing used in Brazil

Photoprotection by clothing: A review

“…This study was limited by fabrics used and by light exposure being limited to the blue-violet spectrum. 109 Given VPF ( ) = 1∕T ( ) TA B L E 2 Parameters affecting UPF clothing. 44,57,58,[64][65][66]68,[70][71][72]115 Fabric Flavonoid and phenol-driven photoprotection 118 Grape pomace When used as dye, increased UPF from 5 to 30 in wool and 5 to 25 in cotton 101,103 High phenol concentration 103 Solanum nigrum UPF of 30+ at 1 g/L and UPF of 40+ at 2 g/L concentrated with methanol 104 Flavonoids and phenols absorb UVB radiation [119][120][121] Amaranthus viridis UPF of 58.8 at 1 g/L and UPF of 100+ concentrated with methanol 104 Flavonoids and phenol-driven photoprotection 104 Marigold flower Increased wool UPF from approximately 6.85 to 50+ 105 Carotenoids which have antioxidant properties and increased dye concentration and color contributed to increased UPF 105,122 the potential harmful effects of VL, research into textile technologies increasing VPF is warranted.…”

“…A recent study showed reduced transmittance of VL in darker colored fabrics such as gray, blue, and red compared with white‐ or light‐colored clothing. This study was limited by fabrics used and by light exposure being limited to the blue‐violet spectrum 109 . Given the potential harmful effects of VL, research into textile technologies increasing VPF is warranted.…”

Sun exposure (UVB, UVA, and blue‐violet visible light) in ordinary daily situations

“…The intensity of solar radiation that reaches the skin varies with altitude, latitude, the season of the year, reflective surfaces (e.g., water, grass, or snow), shadow, clothing, sunscreen use, length of exposure, and the time of day. Furthermore, the biological effect of sun exposure in the skin differs individually according to melanin pigmentation, genetic predisposition (e.g., the ability to repair DNA), photosensitizing drugs, antioxidant capacity, and skin disorders that are influenced by solar radiation 3–6 …”

“…Furthermore, the biological effect of sun exposure in the skin differs individually according to melanin pigmentation, genetic predisposition (e.g., the ability to repair DNA), photosensitizing drugs, antioxidant capacity, and skin disorders that are influenced by solar radiation. [3][4][5][6]…”