Intravascular histiocytosis: case report of a rare disease probably associated with silicone breast implant

Cutaneous Intravascular Hematolymphoid Entities: A Review

“…Indeed, two patients in their study who had no evident systemic process occurring at the time of skin biopsy were eventually diagnosed with IH. Regarding associations with systemic disease, rheumatoid arthritis is the most common disease association [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], but IH has also been reported in osteoarthritis [86,87], Merkel cell carcinoma [81], mastectomy sites [81,88], joint replacements and metal implants [81,84,[88][89][90], breast implants [91], melanoma [81], Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome [81], Crohn's disease [76], cellulitis [92], and genital swelling and necrosis [84,93].…”

“…Patients range from 17 to 87 years (mean age, 66 years) at diagnosis [76,91]. With regards to skin findings, presentations can be diverse and be present for years before biopsy [83,94].…”

“…Swelling and indurated plaques have also been reported, including on the limbs, trunk, eyelids, lips, and genital areas [76,81,83,94,95]. Outside of rheumatoid arthritis, skin findings can present differently, as in the case of a patient who developed widespread red to violaceous patches after a breast implant [91] or a patient with a smoking history and Legionnaires disease who developed facial swelling eventually diagnosed as IH [95].…”