The Peripheral Nervous System of the Human Larynx: III. The Development

König, Werner; Leden, Hans von

doi:10.1001/archotol.1961.00740030505002

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Fiber size, contractile protein profiles, and mitochondrial content are areas where laryngeal muscles have evidenced marked variability from limb skeletal muscle. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] Because of the TA's notable divergence from other skeletal muscle, a brief review of the structure and function of the TA is in order.…”

Section: Ta Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66 The TA is highly innervated with motor units characterized by only a few muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron. 50,51,55,56 Sensory information within the larynx is identified by mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, taste buds, and free nerve endings located at various points in the laryngeal complex. Interestingly, the presence of proprioceptive organs, such as the muscle spindle, within the human TA continues to be a matter of debate and discussion.…”

Section: Ta Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limb skeletal muscle and the TA 10,[41][42][43][44][45][46][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]65,[67][68][69]. …”

unclassified

“…,50,51,55,56,66 *Ratio of these fiber types vary across limb skeletal muscle. Ratios determine the functional characteristics of the muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging Thyroarytenoid and Limb Skeletal Muscle: Lessons in Contrast

2008

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Section: Ta Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging Thyroarytenoid and Limb Skeletal Muscle: Lessons in Contrast

2008

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“…In fact, embryonic end plates are co-innervated by several motor axons (polyneuronal innervation), but become innervated by a single motor axonal branch during early postnatal life owing to the apoptosis of most of the motoneurons. 13 This synaptic dynamic is true of human skeletal innervation. 4 However, innerva- tion of the human intrinsic laryngeal myofibers appears distinct from that of skeletal muscle fibers, since multiple NMJs on a single muscle fiber (multiinnervated myofiber) have been reported in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of Perinatal and Adult Multi-Innervation in Human Laryngeal Muscle Fibers

Périé¹,

Guily²,

Sebille³

1999

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol

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The innervation of human laryngeal myofibers appears distinct from that of skeletal myofibers, because some of them exhibit multiple neuromuscular junctions. We attempted to understand the significance of the multi-innervation phenomenon by comparing intrinsic laryngeal muscles obtained from autopsies of a fetus, a stillbirth, and a 7-month-old infant to muscles from adults. In longitudinal sections (40 to 60 microm thick) the cholinesterase sites and the nerve terminals were stained simultaneously for light microscopy. Multi-innervation reached no more than 23% at 7 months, and this percentage decreased notably with age. Until 7 months, end plates were innervated either by single or by multiple axons (unineuronal and polyneuronal innervation), whereas in adults, the pattern was exclusively unineuronal. Moreover, the structure of neuromuscular junctions in the young was limited to 1 spot of acetylcholinesterase, while in adults the end plate zones increased in size and complex axon terminals were observed. These observations are consistent with a delayed maturation of human laryngeal innervation compared to that of skeletal muscles.

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