1 The Scandinavian Route: Economic, Social, and Political Developments in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Alestalo, Matti; Kuhnle, Stein

doi:10.1080/15579336.1986.11769909

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…In particular, the Nordic welfare state strives to create the best possible society by providing everyone with equal opportunities for education and healthcare (Alestalo, Hort, & Kuhnle, 2009;Alestalo & Kuhnle, 1987). The Nordic welfare state is grounded on the notion of universal welfare services and a regulated labor market (Anttonen & Sipilä, 2012).…”

Section: Literature Review Societal Context In Finland and Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Social Welfare Attitudes in Young People’s Entrepreneurial Intentions

Rantanen¹,

Pawlak²,

Toikko³

2015

EBER

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A B S T R A C T Objective:The present study analyses young people's entrepreneurial intentions in Finland and Poland. Previous surveys have shown that the desire to become an entrepreneur is stronger in between Polish people than in between Finnish people. Research Design & Methods: By exploring the social psychological factors that explain young people's entrepreneurial intentions, the study particularly sought to determine whether the differences in entrepreneurial intention can be explained by social welfare attitudes. Survey respondents were 725 Finnish and 887 Polish students. Findings: Finnish and Polish young people approach entrepreneurship in quite different ways. Finnish young people appreciate entrepreneurs at a general level, but do not consider becoming entrepreneurs themselves, while the Poles think about entrepreneurship in the opposite manner. Furthermore, the results show that Finnish people's trust in society is much stronger than that of their Polish counterparts. Implications & Recommendations: Influencing young people's confidence in their abilities and skills is more important than trying to influence general attitudes about entrepreneurship. Thus, entrepreneurship education has a key role in supporting young people's entrepreneurship. National differences in intentions and in appreciation of entrepreneurship can be explained by societal and historical factors. Contribution & Value Added: Entrepreneurial intention is typically explained by psychological, economic, and cultural factors, and by social capital. Study results show that social political factors are also important in explaining entrepreneurial intentions. Article type: research paper

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Section: Literature Review Societal Context In Finland and Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Social Welfare Attitudes in Young People’s Entrepreneurial Intentions

Rantanen¹,

Pawlak²,

Toikko³

2015

EBER

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“…In the 1920s and 1930s the Gross Domestic Product in Norway and Finland were respectively about two thirds and one half that of Sweden or Denmark. 12 Their roles in the second world war also varied. Denmark and Norway were occupied by German troops in 1940, whereas Finland fought continually against the Soviet Union in two periods between the years 1939-44.…”

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confidence: 99%

Health inequalities by education and age in four Nordic countries, 1986 and 1994

Silventoinen

Lahelma²

2002

Journal of Epidemiology &Amp; Community Health

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Study objective: To compare the age pattern of educational health inequalities in four Nordic countries in the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s. Design: Cross sectional interview surveys at two points of time. Setting: Data on self reported limiting longstanding illness, and perceived health were collected from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden in 1986/87 and in 1994/95. Participants: Representative samples of the non-institutionalised population at 15 years or older. Analyses were restricted to respondents aged between 25 and 75 (n= 23 325 men and 24 184 women). Response rates varied from 73% to 87%. Main results: The age adjusted prevalence of limiting longstanding illness in Finland was 10% higher in men and 6% higher in women than in other Nordic countries in 1986/87 but the gap narrowed by 1994/95. Educational health inequalities were largest in Norway. In 1986/87 the odds ratio (OR) for limiting longstanding illness was 11.25 (95% CI 8.66 to 14.62) among men and 8.23 (95% CI 6.60 to 10.27) among women in the oldest age group (65-74 years old) in Finland when the youngest age group (25-34 years old) was used as the reference category (OR=1.00). The age pattern in Finland was steeper than in Sweden (OR=5.02, 95% CI 3.97 to 6.34 in men and 5.29, 95% CI 4.18 to 6.71 in women) or Norway (OR=6.32, 95% CI 4.06 to 9.84 and 5.45, 95% CI 3.81 to 7.82, respectively). In 1994/95 relative health improved in the oldest age group in Finland (OR=5.80, 95% CI 4.33 to 7.78 in men and 5.94, 95% CI 4.52 to 7.79 in women) and in Norway (OR=4.55, 95% CI 3.01 to 6.88 and 3.96, 95% CI 2.70 to 5.81, respectively) but remained stable in Sweden. The study compared health differences by age in different educational categories and found that in Finland in 1986/87 the health in the oldest age group was poorer for secondary (OR=10.59, 95% CI 5.96 to 18.82) or basic educated (OR=9.76, 95% CI 6.66 to 14.30) men than for men with higher education (OR=5.15, 95% CI 2.59 to 10.22). The difference was not found among women or in other Nordic countries and it diminished among men in Finland in 1994/95. The results of perceived health were broadly similar to the above results of limiting longstanding illness. Conclusion:The results suggest that compared with other Nordic countries the comparatively poorer health in Finland is partly attributable to a cohort effect. This may be associated with the lower standard of living in Finland that lasted until the mid-1950s. The cohort effect is also likely to contribute to educational health inequalities among older Finnish men. The results suggest that not only current social policies but also past economic circumstances are likely to affect the overall health status as well as health inequalities.

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“…The treatise of Alestalo & Kuhnle (1984) might here be representative of a large number of studies. They see the transformation to modern mdustnal society m Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland as relatively non-conflictual.…”

Section: The Nordic Countries Compared: Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrovalues: The Nordic Countries Compared*

Listhaug

1990

Acta Sociologica

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The macrovalues of the Nordic countries are generally seen as dominated by leftism (especially a strong egalitarianism), high level of life salisfactions, and weak religiosity. Using data from the EVSSG World Values Study we present some empirical evidence relating to these propositions. We find no support for the claim that leftism is dominant, while support for the other two theses is fairly strong We speculate that the failing support for leftism is partly caused by the achievements of egalitarian policies, which weaken demand for more of the same, and partly impeded by the problems that the implementation of the leftist agenda created in these societies.

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1 The Scandinavian Route: Economic, Social, and Political Developments in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

The Significance of Social Welfare Attitudes in Young People’s Entrepreneurial Intentions

The Significance of Social Welfare Attitudes in Young People’s Entrepreneurial Intentions

Health inequalities by education and age in four Nordic countries, 1986 and 1994

Macrovalues: The Nordic Countries Compared*

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