“…Plough & Gass, 1993;Mackey et al, 2007). In addition, one study (Kim, 2013) looked into students' and teachers' perceptions of the usefulness of TR (a highly critical and relevant pedagogical concern), and three studies (Baleghizadeh & Derakhshesh, 2012;Hawkes, 2011;Sheppard, 2006, the latter studied here via Ellis, 2009) examined the combined effect of TR and some intervening manipulation of the learner's attention to language before the repetition of the task, be it a FonF session (Hawkes, 2011, a study in which TR is viewed as a form of post-task activity) or the provision of feedback (Baleghizadeh & Derakhshesh, 2012;Sheppard, 2006). It is worth mentioning that only Sheppard (2006) included a control group who engaged in TR without the availability of feedback and so the results of the other two studies mentioned in this group have to be taken with caution.…”