1. Morphology of Nematoda

Decraemer, Wilfrida; Coomans, A.; Baldwin, James Mark

doi:10.1515/9783110274257.1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The more observations and detailed descriptions available, the better the quality and accuracy of the key. This issue is particularly important for species with strong sexual dimorphisms ( Decraemer, Coomans & Baldwin, 2013 ). It is important to emphasize that the number of observations plays a central role in ML methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species

Brito de Jesus,

Vieira,

Gheller

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Identifying species, particularly small metazoans, remains a daunting challenge and the phylum Nematoda is no exception. Typically, nematode species are differentiated based on morphometry and the presence or absence of certain characters. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning (ML) algorithms, offer promising solutions for automating species identification, mostly in taxonomically complex groups. By training ML models with extensive datasets of accurately identified specimens, the models can learn to recognize patterns in nematodes’ morphological and morphometric features. This enables them to make precise identifications of newly encountered individuals. Implementing ML algorithms can improve the speed and accuracy of species identification and allow researchers to efficiently process vast amounts of data. Furthermore, it empowers non-taxonomists to make reliable identifications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of ML algorithms in identifying species of free-living marine nematodes, focusing on two well-known genera: Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 and Sabatieria Rouville, 1903. Methods A total of 40 species of Acantholaimus and 60 species of Sabatieria were considered. The measurements and identifications were obtained from the original publications of species for both genera, this compilation included information regarding the presence or absence of specific characters, as well as morphometric data. To assess the performance of the species identification four ML algorithms were employed: Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM) with both linear and radial kernels, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms. Results For both genera, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy in correctly classifying specimens into their respective species, achieving an accuracy rate of 93% for Acantholaimus and 100% for Sabatieria, only a single individual from Acantholaimus of the test data was misclassified. Conclusion These results highlight the overall effectiveness of ML algorithms in species identification. Moreover, it demonstrates that the identification of marine nematodes can be automated, optimizing biodiversity and ecological studies, as well as turning species identification more accessible, efficient, and scalable. Ultimately it will contribute to our understanding and conservation of biodiversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species

Brito de Jesus,

Vieira,

Gheller

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…The terminology used for describing the arrangement of morphological features such as setae follows Coomans (1979), terminology of stoma structures follows Decraemer et al (2014). Type specimens are held in the NIWA Invertebrate Collection (Wellington).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New nematode species and genera (Nematoda: Chromadorea) from cold seeps on Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

Leduc

2023

EJT

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Relatively little is known about the taxonomy and ecology of deep-sea nematode species inhabiting cold seep habitats. The available data show that cold seep nematode communities are typically characterized by low diversity and are often dominated by a single species, although no nematode taxon appears to have a strong association with methane seepage. In July 2019, a research voyage to New Zealand’s Hikurangi Margin provided an opportunity to characterize the nematode species communities of New Zealand cold seeps, which had not been investigated until now. Here, six new species and two new nematode genera of the class Chromadorea are described from macrofauna cores obtained at three seep sites (Mungaroa, Glendhu, and Uruti South) on Hikurangi Margin from 1227 to 2077 m depth. The species described here represent a wide range of feeding groups, ranging from deposit feeders (Linhomoeus pycnocricus sp. nov., Deraionema barbatum gen. et sp. nov.) to microvores (Aulostomonema abyssum gen. et sp. nov., Aegialoalaimus magnus sp. nov.) and epigrowth feeders (Desmodora parapilosa sp. nov.). The diet of Siphonolaimus curtisensillus sp. nov., which is characterized by an unusual stylet-like feeding apparatus, remains to be determined, however the presence of several different feeding modes in the species described here indicates that a range of food sources are exploited by macrofaunal nematodes at the study sites. Desmodora, Linhomoeus, and Aegialoalaimus have been reported from cold seep habitats previously, however no records of Siphonolaimus from cold seeps could be found in the literature. Aulostomonema gen. nov. does not appear to have a close association with seeps, whilst Deraionema gen. nov. appears to be restricted to the centre of the seep sites where methane seepage is likely strongest. Ongoing work on the ecology and distribution of nematode communities at the Hikurangi Margin seep sites will help determine spatial patterns in abundance and species distributions in more detail, including the identification of any species/taxa with affinities with methane seepage.

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“…If the properties of the body surface play a crucial role in most interactions between nematodes and ciliates, for nematodes it represents one of the highest prices to pay-particularly when the epibionts are of a conspicuous number. In nematodes, the cuticle is involved in many vital functions: exchange of gasses and nutrients, info-chemicals and defense metabolites, mediation of many processes of recognition of an organism by a partner, a parasite, an epibiont or predator, transmission of many types of biotic and abiotic stress [66]. The properties and functions of this interface may be modified substantially by the presence and activities of epibiotic communities, with consequences for its interaction with the environment and for the relative fitness of the host organism [5].…”

Section: The Cost For Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cost for Biodiversity: Records of Ciliate–Nematode Epibiosis with the Description of Three New Suctorian Species

et al. 2020

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Epibiosis is a common phenomenon in marine systems. In marine environments, ciliates are among the most common organisms adopting an epibiotic habitus and nematodes have been frequently reported as their basibionts. In the present study, we report several new records of peritrich and suctorian ciliates-nematode association worldwide: from a deep-sea pockmark field in the NW Madagascar margin (Indian Ocean), from a shallow vent area in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian Sea), in a MPA area in the Gulf of Trieste (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea), from a mangrove system in French Guiana (South America, Atlantic Ocean), and from the Maldivian Archipelago. In addition, three new species of Suctorea from the Secca delle Fumose shallow vent area (Gulf of Naples) were described: Loricophrya susannae n. sp., Thecacineta fumosae n. sp. and Acinetopsis lynni n. sp. In the light of these new records and data from the existing literature, we discuss the suctorian–nematode epibiosis relationship as a lever to biodiversity.

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1. Morphology of Nematoda

Cited by 12 publications

References 140 publications

Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species

Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species

New nematode species and genera (Nematoda: Chromadorea) from cold seeps on Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

The Cost for Biodiversity: Records of Ciliate–Nematode Epibiosis with the Description of Three New Suctorian Species

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