1.47 [micro sign]m Tm3+: ZBLAN fibre laser pumped at 1.064 [micro sign]m

High-Power ZBLAN Glass Fiber Lasers: Review and Prospect

“…This ESA process 3 F 4 → 3 F 2 maintains the population inversion by reducing the 3 F 4 population and increasing the 3 H 4 population. In order to avoid the effect of cross-relaxation process that starts from the upper laser level 3 H 4 , a large core area ZBLAN fiber doped with low-concentration Tm 3+ ions (0.1 wt%) was used in a 1.56 W 1.47 μm fiber laser pumped at 1064 nm [101]. Most recently, 1.48 μm single-mode fiber lasers based on fiber Bragg gratings directly inscribed in the ZBLAN fiber core by femtosecond pulses at 800 nm were demonstrated [51,102].…”

Dynamics of excited state relaxation and frequency upconversion in Tm3+ and Tm3+/Tb3+ doped ZBLAN glass

“…The laser at 1.47 [6] and 1.8 lm [7] and upconversion laser at 480 [8] and 810 nm [9] have been demonstrated, and an amplifier with a gain of 11 dB at 1.49 lm has also been observed [10]. These results show that Tm 3+ :ZBLAN glass has large potential in the fields of upconversion, optical amplifiers and lasers.…”

Tm 3 + -doped ion-exchanged aluminum germanate glass waveguide for S-band amplification

“…Meanwhile, exorbitant concentration doping of Tm 3+ should be avoided to reduce ͓ 3 H 4 , 3 H 6 ͔-͓ 3 F 4 , 3 F 4 ͔ cross-relaxation rate between Tm 3+ ions, which is necessary for maintaining S-band emission efficiency. [19][20][21][22] In our anterior work, high-quality aluminum germanate ͑NMAG͒ glasses have been employed in making Er 3+ -doped ion-exchanged waveguide. 23 Lower phonon energy ͑Յ900 cm −1 ͒ and perfect dispersibility of RE ions make the effort in this work on Tm 3+ -doped NMAG glass waveguides significant.…”