1,25(OH)2D3 Induced Alterations in Plasma Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate, Ultimobranhial Gland and Parathyroid Gland of the Garden Lizard, Calotes Versicolor

Abstract

Abstract. Garden lizards Calotes versicolor were procured and given daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 pmol of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /50 g body wt for 30 days. Lizards were sacrificed on the 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 10 th , 15 th and 30 th day of the experiment. The plasma calcium levels of C. versicolor remain unaffected after day 1 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. After day 3 the levels increase significantly which progresses up to day 10. Thereafter, the plasma calcium level tends to decrease on day 15 and the levels become normal at day 30. In 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 injected lizards the plasma inorganic phosphate levels remain unaltered up to day 3. After day 5, the value increases significantly. This increase progresses up to day 15. On day 30, the levels become almost normal. The ultimobranchial gland exhibits hyperactivity following 5 day 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment which is expressed by an increase in the nuclear volume and weak staining response of the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells. After day 10, the nuclear volume is further increased and some of the cells are exhausted. Following 15 days 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment the nuclear volume records an increase and many degenerating cells are discerned. After day 30, the nuclear volume is almost normal, most cells seem to be recovered and only a few degenerating cells are noticed. After day 10 and day 15 following 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment, the parathyroid glands of C. versicolor show reduced chromaticity of nuclei and a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume of parathyroidal cells. On day 30, the nuclear volume tends to become normal and a few degenerating cells are observed.

Response of Ultimobranchial and Parathyroid Glands of the Indian Skipper Frog, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis to Cadmium Toxicity

“…This is in conformity with similar observations reported previously by other investigators after exposure of fish to various toxicants including cadmium (13); deltamethrin (14); metacid (15); cypermethrin (16) and botanical pesticides (17). The findings of the present study are also supported by reports from earlier investigators who found inactivity of ultimobranchial glands in response to experimentally induced hypocalcemia by the administration of calcitonin to the fish (Anguilla anguilla (18); Gasterosteus aculeatus (19); Clarias batrachus (20); Heteropneus tesfossilis (21), amphibian: Bufoviridis (22), Ranatigrina (23,24) and reptiles: Natrix piscator (25), Calotes versicolor (26). Also, published observations of Anderson and Capen (27) support those of the present study, as they documented low ultimobranchial glands activity after inducing hypocalcemia in Iguana iguana by keeping them on a low calcium diet (27).…”

Ameliorative Effects of Amla Fruit Pulp Extract and Selenium on Dimethoate Induced Alteration in Serum Calcium and Phosphate Level of Rats

“…While phosphorus is essential in energy metabolism, cellular signaling, nucleic acid synthesis, and the stabilization of cell membranes, calcium is necessary for muscular contraction, hormone production, the blood-clotting cascade, and the excitation of neurons (Srivastav et al, 2000, Taylor andDavid Bushinsky, 2009). Calcium concentrations in extracellular components are closely monitored within a narrow physiological range that is ideal for a wide range of cellular functions (Srivastav et al, 2000).…”

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Rhizome Extract and Selenium Protect Effects of Nerium indicum Leaf Extract on Serum Calcium and Phosphate of Male Wistar Rats

“…Calcium is the element found in large amount in human body (Fan et al, 2016). In vertebrates, calcium plays vital role in variety of biological processesmembrane permeability, neuronal excitability, cell adhesion, essential for clotting of blood, muscle contraction, responses of organism to fluctuations in acid-base balance and is also essential for ultimate initiation of many endocrine events, such as hormone release and responses of their definitive effectors (Srivastav et al, 2000;Veldurthy et al, 2016). It also contributes to the structural integrity of the proteins and the lipids of which the cell is composed.…”