1‐(2H‐Tetrazolyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐amine(TzTA) – A Thermally Stable Nitrogen Rich Energetic Material: Synthesis, Characterization and Thermo‐Chemical Analysis

Abstract

The targeted high nitrogen energetic material 1‐(2H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐amine (TzTA) was synthesized from 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole via a two‐step procedure using cyanogen bromide and sodium azide. TzTA was prepared in good yields and characterized using analytical (elemental) and spectroscopic (IR, Raman, NMR) techniques. The crystal structure of sulfate salt of the molecule was solved by means of low temperature X‐ray crystallography, which showed the co‐planarity of the two rings. The sulfate salt of the molecule crystallized in monoclinic system P21/n, with a crystal density of 1.856 g cm−3. The thermal stability of the molecule was assessed by DSC. The molecule showed excellent thermal stability better than many known nitrogen rich energetic molecules and showed comparable thermal stability with HMX. Non‐isothermal kinetics was performed on the molecule to derive the activation energy. Constant volume combustion energy was determined using oxygen bomb calorimeter and back calculated the heat of formation. Preliminary insight on the gas generating capability of the molecule was tested by measuring the dynamic pressure generated inside a closed bomb. Dynamic pressure of an oxygen balanced system (TzTA and ADN) was also measured using the Parr dynamic pressure measurement system.

Combustion Studies of 4‐Nitramino‐1,2,4‐Triazole (4‐NRTZ) and Its Salts: High Impulse Nitrogenous Fuels for Propellant Composite Materials

“…Pressure‐time ( P ‐ t ) analysis represents one among the preliminary experimentation techniques used to evaluate the suitability of a compound in propellant/pyrotechnic or gas generator formulations ,. Although, with the development of optical measurements and high‐speed camera, experimental determination of ballistic parameters of formulations are common, for an exploratory research point of view, P ‐ t analysis can be used as a ‘screening test’ for new materials.…”

Crystal Structure and Improved Synthesis of 1‐(2H‐Tetrazol‐5‐yl)guanidium Nitrate

“…In this work the construction of the tetrazole ring on dicyanamide was accomplished by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of HN 3 (in situ generated from NaN 3 in HCl solution)i na lcoholicm edium. Utilizing the concept of "click chemistry" to synthesize energetict etrazole derivatives have been one of the key areas of our research group [17].1 -(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)guanidium nitrate (2)w as prepared by protonating 1 using 70 %n itric acid in methanol medium at 0 8C. The synthesized compounds werec haracterized for their structure using spectroscopic (FT-IR, multinuclear NMR) and elemental analysis (C, H, N).…”

Accurate Prediction of the Condensed Phase (Solid or Liquid) Heat of Formation of Triazolium-based Energetic Ionic Salts at 298.15 K

“…−NO 2 , −N 3 , and −CN. Since EISs can have suitable thermally stability, they may be used as explosives, pyrotechnics or propellants [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to the introduction of reliable models for the prediction of the physical and thermodynamic properties of some kinds of EISs, e.g.…”