A critical review of vapor pressure data for military, civilian, and homemade explosives, explosive precursors, and explosive taggants is presented. It gives reference to a large number of papers and reports presenting original vapor pressure measurements and additionally an overview of measurements techniques for vapor pressure measurements and data analysis of vapor pressure measurements. Vapor pressure data, including Clausius–Clapeyron parameters (A and B in: log10(p)=A−B/T), calculated vapor pressure at room temperature, and heat of sublimation or heat of vaporization are included. The following classes of compounds are treated; military explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX, PETN, HNS, TATB, AP), civilian explosives (NG, EGDN, AN), explosive taggants (EGDN, DNMB, 2‐NT, 4‐NT), home‐made explosives (TATP, DADP, HMTD). and explosive precursors [HP(aq), NM, IPN, DNT].

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The literature known, but not fully characterized, silver dinitramide transfer reagents AgN(NO 2 ) 2 (1), [Ag(NCCH 3 )]-[N(NO 2 ) 2 ] (2), and [Ag(py) 2 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] (3) have been investigated by 109 Ag, 14 N NMR and vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman). In addition, the poorly understood [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 )] 2 (4) and [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] 2 , (5) have also been prepared and characterized by 14 N NMR and vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman). Synthese, Charakterisierung und Kristallstrukturen von Cu-, Ag-und Pd-DinitramidsalzenInhaltsübersicht. Die aus der Literatur bekannten, aber nicht völlig charakterisierten Silberdinitramid-Transferreagenzien AgN(wurden mittels 109 Ag-, 14 N-NMR und IR-sowie Raman-Spektroskopie 1) present address: Glasgow, untersucht. Ferner wurden die wenig verstandenen Verbindungen [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 )] 2 (4) und [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] 2 (5) dargestellt und charakterisiert ( 14 N-NMR, IR, Raman). Die Strukturen von 2 Ϫ 5 wurden röntgenographisch bestimmt. dinitramide transfer reagents [5]. AgN(NO 2 ) 2 (1), [Ag(NCCH 3 )][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] (2) and [Ag(py) 2 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] (3) were first prepared by Lykanov [1], however, these compounds were only characterized by elemental analysis and melting point. Therefore, we have undertaken the first extensive study of 1Ϫ3, in order to fully characterize these salts and furthermore to investigate their ability to act as dinitramide transfer reagents. Characterization included 109 Ag, 14 N NMR, vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman) and X-ray diffraction studies (of 2 and 3 only). The only heavy metal dinitramide salts which have been studied using X-ray diffraction techniques so far are fac-[Re(bpy)-(CO) 3 N 3 O 4 ] [6], hexaaquomanganese and hexaaquozinc dihydrate dinitramide [7]. Therefore, due to the surprisingly interesting structure of 2, [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 )] 2 (4) [1] and [Pd(NH 3 ) 4 ][N(NO 2 ) 2 ] 2 , (5) have also been prepared and characterized by 14 N NMR, vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman) and X-ray diffraction studies . Results and Discussion Preparation and spectroscopic characterizationAll compounds, with the exception of [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]-[N(NO 2 ) 2 ] 2 (4), were prepared by a metathesis reaction using KN(NO 2 ) 2 . 4 was prepared by the reaction of

The (trichlorosilyl) (and -germyl)metal carbonyls Co(CO) 4 SiCl 3 , Co(CO) 4 GeCl 3 , Mn(CO) 5 -SiCl 3 , and cis-Fe(CO) 4 (SiCl 3 ) 2 have been synthesized in high yields. He I photoelectron spectra (UPS) of the complexes have been measured and interpreted on the basis of empirical arguments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For cis/trans-Fe(CO) 4 (SiCl 3 ) 2 isomers the calculations predict the trans-isomer to be more stable than cis by 15.2 kJ mol -1 . The cis-isomer is exclusively present in the solid state and in the gas phase. UPS results suggest the importance of charge polarization effects and the lack of π-back-donation along TM-Si bonds. The calculated M-Si bond distances amounted to 2.34 Å (Co-Si), 2.43 Å (Co-Ge), 2.47 Å (Mn-Si), 2.41 Å (trans-Fe-Si), and 2.45 Å (cis-Fe-Si). For Co(CO) 4 SiCl 3 , the DFT calculated Co-Si bond dissociation energy was 317.7 kJ mol -1 , compared to 222.2 kJ mol -1 for Co-C energy in Co(CO) 4 CCl 3 .

Crosslink density (CLD) is an important characteristic for elastomeric polymer networks. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the elastomers are critically dependant on the CLD. Several methods have been adopted for its determination, but swelling and stress-strain methods continue to be more popular because of the convenience associated with these techniques. In this article, the determination of CLD of allophanate-urethane networks based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and toluene diisocyanate with swelling and stress-strain methods is reported. The Flory-Rhener relationship was applied to calculate CLD from the swelling data. CLDs were also calculated from the initial slope of the stress-strain curve (Young's modulus), Mooney-Rivlin plots, equilibrium relaxation moduli, and dynamic mechanical properties. A comparison was drawn among the values obtained with the various methods. Although the CLD values obtained from Mooney-Rivlin plots were slightly lower than those obtained from swelling data, the values obtained with Young's modulus and storage modulus were considerably higher. The values obtained with swelling and equilibrium relaxation moduli data were very close to each other.