0IO-Shape PCB Trace Negative Group-Delay Analysis

Abstract

This paper elaborates a negative group delay (NGD) analysis of 0IO-shape printed circuit board (PCB) traces. This circuit topology is originally implemented with a tri-coupled line (3CL) six-port element with the lateral side connected through lossy transmission lines (TLs). After description of the electrical equivalent diagram, the S-matrix model is established. The group delay (GD) is formulated from the transmission coefficient as a function of the 0IO topological parameters. The effectiveness of the GD modelling is verified with a microstrip circuit proof-of-concept (POC). Simulations and measurements, which are in good agreement, confirm the dual-band bandpass NGD behavior of the 0IO POC. The fabricated prototype generates NGD levels better than −1 ns at NGD center frequencies of about 2.2 GHz and 3 GHz. In addition, to this good NGD performance, the 0IO POC operates with a low insertion loss better than 2.5 dB and reflection losses better than 12 dB in the NGD bandwidths. INDEX TERMS Microwave theory, distributed topology, negative group delay (NGD), tri-coupled line (3CL), modeling.

Experimental Time-Domain Study for Bandpass Negative Group Delay Analysis With Lill-Shape Microstrip Circuit

“…It has been found since the early of 2000s that innumerable microwave circuit topologies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] are susceptible to behave as an NGD function. In 2010s, one of the most explored NGD circuits are based on the microstrip transmission line (TL) [8][9][15][16][17][21][22][23]. Among the TLbased NGD topologies, the circuits designed with coupledline (CL) ones [22][23][24] seem to be the best candidate against the issues related to the attenuation loss.…”

“…In 2010s, one of the most explored NGD circuits are based on the microstrip transmission line (TL) [8][9][15][16][17][21][22][23]. Among the TLbased NGD topologies, the circuits designed with coupledline (CL) ones [22][23][24] seem to be the best candidate against the issues related to the attenuation loss. Until now, the degree of freedom of topologies using CL structure motivates the NGD researchers to exploit the structure.…”

“…Despite the progressive development of the research works on the NGD circuit design [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the NGD functions are not still open to most of non-specialist electronic design, fabrication and sale engineers. Many questions remain technically open about the meaning and the interpretation of the NGD effect.…”

Innovative Transient Study of Tri-Bandpass Negative Group Delay Applied to Microstrip Barcode-Circuit

“…This intriguing function was investigated theoretically and experimentally with different topologies [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] of microwave circuits. The function was intended to have some promising applications [31][32].…”

“…Then, some research effort was performed to design low attenuation and less complex microstrip line based NGD topologies. One of the most flexible NGD passive topologies is based on the use CL structure [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”