05 O 02 Black carbon and aerosol in Boistö Island

Raunemaa, T.; Kuuspalo, Kari; Ålander, T.; Tamm, E.; Mirme, A.; Laine, Vesa

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(93)90107-k

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Acronyms for the sites are explained in . A 1 Hidy et al [1974], 2 Pinnick et al [1993], 3–13 Malm et al [1994], B 1 Bahrmann and Saxena [1998], 2 Keeler et al [1990], 3 Chýlek et al [1996], 4–13 Malm et al [1994], C 1 Lavanchy et al [1999], 2 Castro et al [1999], 3–4 Cachier et al [1989a], 5 Cachier et al [1990] D 1–3 Zappoli et al [1999], 4 Brorström‐Lundén et al [1994] 5 Raunemaa et al [1993], E 1 Kim et al [1999], 2,4 Ohta and Okita [1984], 3,6 Parungo et al [1994], 5 Mukai et al [1990], F 1,9 Andreae et al [1984], 2 Wolff et al [1986], 3 Lyubovtseva and Yatskovich [1989], 4 Noone and Clarke [1988], 5 Pertuisot [1997], 6 Heintzenberg [1982], 7 Polissar [1993], 8 Cachier et al [1990].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Carbonaceous Model With Measured Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Atmospheric distributions of carbonaceous aerosols are simulated using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory SKYHI general circulation model (GCM) (latitude-longitude resolution of $3°Â 3.6°). A number of systematic analyses are conducted to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of the concentrations at specific locations and to investigate the sensitivity of the distributions to various physical parameters. Comparisons are made with several observational data sets. At four specific sites (Mace Head, Mauna Loa, Sable Island, and Bondville) the monthly mean measurements of surface concentrations of black carbon made over several years reveal that the model simulation registers successes as well as failures. Comparisons are also made with averages of measurements made over varying time periods, segregated by geography and rural/remote locations. Generally, the mean measured remote surface concentrations exceed those simulated. Notwithstanding the large variability in measurements and model simulations, the simulations of both black and organic carbon tend to be within about a factor of 2 at a majority of the sites. There are major challenges in conducting comparisons with measurements due to inadequate sampling at some sites, the generally short length of the observational record, and different methods used for estimating the black and organic carbon amounts. The interannual variability in the model and in the few such measurements available points to the need for doing multiyear modeling and to the necessity of comparing with long-term measurements. There are very few altitude profile measurements; notwithstanding the large uncertainties, the present comparisons suggest an overestimation by the model in the free troposphere. The global column burdens of black and organic carbon in the present standard model integration are lower than in previous studies and thus could be regarded as approximately bracketing a lower end of the simulated anthropogenic burden due to these classes of aerosols, based on the current understanding of the carbonaceous aerosol cycle. Of the physical factors examined, the intensity and frequency of precipitation events are critical in governing the column burdens. Biases in the frequency of precipitation are likely the single biggest cause of discrepancies between simulation and observations. This parameter is available from very few sites and thus lacks a comprehensive global data set, unlike, say, monthly mean precipitation. Several multiyear GCM integrations have been performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the global mean black carbon distribution to the principal aerosol parameters, with due regard to variability and statistical significance. The most sensitive parameters, in order of importance, turn out to be the wet deposition, transformation from hydrophobic to hydrophilic state, and the partitioning of the emitted aerosol between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic varieties. From the sensitivity tests, it is estimated that the variations of the global mean co...

show abstract

Section: Comparison Of the Carbonaceous Model With Measured Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The continuous line shows the 1:1 relationship between model results and measurements. Measurements taken from: Andreae et al, 1984;Dzubay et al, 1984;Ohta and Okita, 1984;Cachier et al, 1986;1990;1994;Japar et al, 1986;Wolff et al, 1986;Hansen et al, 1988;Noone and Clarke, 1988;Clarke, 1989;Mukai et al, 1990;Heintzenberg and Bigg, 1990;Jennings and O'Dowd, 1990;Hopper et al, 1991;Yaaqub et al, 1991;Jennings et al, 1993;Polissar, 1993;Raunemaa et al, 1993;1994;Chow et al, 1994;Heintzenberg and Leck, 1994;Bodhaine, 1995;Berner et al, 1996;Liousse et al, 1996;Lowe et al, 1996;Pio et al, 1996;Bahrmann and Saxena, 1998;Wolff and Cachier, 1998;Bizjak et al, 1999;Castro et al, 1999;Chýlek et al, 1999;Hitzenberger et al, 1999;Zappoli et al, 1999;Kaneyasu and Murayama, 2000;Kim et al, 2000;Novakov et al, 2000;Puxbaum et al, 2000. …”

Section: Comparison With Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A global 3-dimensional chemistry/transport model able to describe O 3 , NO x , Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), sulphur and NH 3 chemistry has been extended to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in the troposphere focusing on Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation. A number of global simulations have been performed to determine a possible range of annual global SOA production and investigate uncertainties associated with the model results. The studied uncertainties in the SOA budget have been evaluated to be in decreasing importance: the potentially irreversible sticking of the semi-volatile compounds on aerosols, the enthalpy of vaporization of these compounds, the partitioning of SOA on non-carbonaceous aerosols, the conversion of aerosols from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the emissions of primary carbonaceous aerosols, the chemical fate of the first generation products and finally the activity coefficient of the condensable species. The large uncertainties associated with the emissions of VOC and the adopted simplification of chemistry have not been investigated in this study. Although not all sources of uncertainties have been investigated, according to our calculations, the above factors within the experimental range of variations could result to an overall uncertainty of about a factor of 20 in the global SOA budget. The global annual SOA production from biogenic VOC might range from 2.5 to 44.5 Tg of organic matter per year, whereas that from anthropogenic VOC ranges from 0.05 to 2.62 Tg of organic matter per year. These estimates can be considered as a lower limit, since partitioning on coarse particles like nitrate, dust or sea-salt, together with the partitioning and the dissociation of the semi-volatile products in aerosol water has been neglected. Comparison of model results to observations, where available, shows a better agreement for the upper budget estimates than for the lower ones.

show abstract

Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model

Cooke¹,

Liousse²,

Cachier³

et al. 1999

J. Geophys. Res.

672

747

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

05 O 02 Black carbon and aerosol in Boistö Island

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution

A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM4 model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About