0.1–5 GHz wideband ΔΣ fractional‐N frequency synthesiser for software‐defined radio application

Abstract

This article proposes a wideband ΔΣ fractional-N frequency synthesiser (WBFS) for software-defined radio application. The frequency synthesiser has two modes: the regular mode with low phase noise performance and the low-power mode for the low-power applications at lower frequency band. The authors also propose adjustable replica (AR) bias circuit for the frequency selection multiplexer (FSMUX) in the divide-by-two divider chain to optimise the power consumption at different frequencies while keep the output swing constant at different bias current to achieve robust operation. The FSMUX is implemented in differential structure instead of the widely used quadrature structure to reduce power and area especially at high carrier frequency. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS process with a 1.2-V supply, the WBFS generates frequency from 0.1 to 5 GHz. The maximum power at regular and low-power mode is 21 and 10.2 mW, respectively. The phase noise is −120.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset (2.75375 GHz) at regular mode and −122.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset (1.3525 GHz) at low-power mode. Thanks to the differential FSMUX with the proposed AR bias circuit and the low-power mode, the WBFS power is significantly reduced, compared with that of the prior WBFS with comparable frequency range.

CMOS analog and mixed-signal phase-locked loops: An overview

“…The retiming DFF is also power hungry if the VCO frequency is high. So, it can operate at the frequency of the prescaler output instead of the VCO frequency to save power [37] , as shown in Fig. 12(c).…”

A Ku-Band Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer with Adaptive Loop Bandwidth Control

“…To accelerate the locking speed, there are three main technologies namely dynamic loop bandwidth [7][8][9][10][11][12], fractional-N frequency division [6,[13][14][15], feed-forward preset [16][17][18], and the emerging all-digital PLL (AD-PLL) [15,19]. Fractional-N technology can increase the reference frequency so that the loop bandwidth is no longer limited by the channel bandwidth and can be a larger value, and has been widely used.…”