This study was designed to enhance preservice teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) through scientific investigations based on current science education reforms. To do so, a science methods course was revised to include modeling effective scientific inquiry practices as well as designing and teaching scientific investigations in the K-5 practicum classrooms (Revised Science Methods Course). This study assessed the following research questions: (1) What level of PCK do preservice teachers have before and after the completion of RSMC; (2) To what extent do participants change their self-efficacy in science teaching after completing RSMC; and (3) Is there any correlation between participants' changes in self-efficacy and the level of PCK. Participants were 76 preservice teachers enrolled in a science methods course offered at a medium-sized university in the midwestern United States. This study employed the STEBI-B survey and the PCK rubric. There result of the study indicated that there was significant increase in Personal Science Teaching Efficacy (PSTE) of the participant preservice teachers after the completion of the course. Based on the PCK rubric analysis, there was a significant increase in mean scores of the post-RSMC lesson compared to those of the pre-RSMC lesson. The correlational analysis of participants showed a positive correlation between changes in self-efficacy and the level of PCK. Thus, it may be concluded that the reform-based science methods course had a positive impact on participants' self-efficacy in science teaching through correcting misconceptions, developing higher level of PCK, and modeling scientific investigation in their practicum schools.
Cinematographic works are crucial for libraries as a part of their collections. Especially public libraries provide a variety of programs associated with cinematographic works. Copyright law considers the use of cinematographic works as a type of public performance and restricted it under certain conditions such as the released date. In addition, copyright agency challenged libraries to pay fees for cinematographic works released within 6 months. At this point, this study investigated the perception of librarians on cinematographic works and copyright issues. 292 librarians in public and academic libraries answers the questionnaire form May 8th to June 7th, 2013. In result, librarians consider services of video works as a important part of library services. They are also conscious of the exception conditions for copyright law for cinematographic works provided by library services. Furthermore, even though librarians are aware of copyright issues, they show the negative response to copyright fees for playing cinematographic works in the libraries.
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