The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of anthocyanin-enriched extract from radiation-induced blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) mutant (γ-B201) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in Spargue-Dawley (SD) rats. The in vivo results show that γ-B201 attenuated the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and liver lipid peroxidation in CCl4-treated SD rats. Histopathological examination of rat livers showed that γ-B201 reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by CCl4. Moreover, γ-B201 prevented DNA damage in CCl4-treated SD rats. Furthermore, administration of γ-B201 significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), in CCl4-treated rat livers. In conclusion, the present study suggests that γ-B201 blackberry extract protects the liver from CCl4-induced hepatic damage through an antioxidant mechanism. Therefore, γ-B201 blackberry may be functional food material for human health.
Abstract:In this work, we compared the emulsion states having the same composition of liquid paraffin/ Span 80-Tween 80/ pure water and the different mixing paths and temperatures. Routes reaching the final composition in three component phase diagram were composed of three different ways. The average particle size of the emulsion prepared from the different mixing routes showed a significant difference and decreased as the mixing temperature was increased. However, the mixing route affected more in the size of the emulsions than mixing temperature.
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