This study examined the changes in the center of pressure (COP) and cadence according to three types of bags carried and three different bag weights. The experimental period was from June 3, 2013 to January 20, 2014, and thirty eight healthy adults (mean age: 26.10±5.32 years, age range: 22-30 years) volunteered under three conditions. In the first condition, the subjects wore a bag over one shoulder and they walked. In the second condition, they carried a bag across the shoulder and walked. With the third condition, they carried a backpack using both shoulders and walked. 3-Dimentional motion analysis system and a force plate were used to measure the kinematic parameters of gait and COP displacement during gait. Each subject walked 6 meters carrying a 3kg, 5kg and 7kg bag under all three conditions. The COP of the antero-posterior and medio-lateral, and cadence variable were significantly different according to the bag weight of 3㎏, 5㎏ and 7㎏. These findings suggest that walking while carrying a backpack using both shoulders is more effective on the changes in COP and gait of adults than the other conditions.
This article is based on a part of the first author's master's thesis from Dankook University (2011).
Objectives:The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of word frequency and word length on the word comprehension of adults with anomic aphasia using a lexical decision task (LDT). Methods: The participants consisted of 25 adults with anomic aphasia (AA) and 25 normal adults (NA) with matching gender and educational levels. They performed a LDT that contained words of high-or low-frequencies and of two or four syllables.
Results:The AA group showed significantly lower accuracy and longer reaction times (RTs) compared to the NA group in their performances on the LDT. The main effects of word frequency and word length were significant in both the performance accuracy and the RT, that is, the participants' performance accuracies were higher and their RTs were shorter when they encountered words that were of high-frequency and of two-syllable lengths. Particularly, both effects were greater in the AA group than in the NA group; however, only in relation to the RTs. Significant interaction between word frequency and word length was also observed. Conclusion: The effects of word frequency and word length on normal adults' lexical processing have been repeatedly reported. It was observed in this study that such effects were greater in the AA group than the NA group. It is suggested that the lexical processes of adults with anomic aphasia are fundamentally similar to those of normal adults. Nevertheless, adults with anomic aphasia are less effective at accessing lexical-semantic information.
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