Petroleum-based adhesive resins have extensively been used for the production of wood panels. However, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly adhesive resins due to the increase of manufacturing cost and the environmental issue, such as the emission of volatile organic compounds, of the pertroleum-based adhesive resins. This study was conducted to formulate environmentally friendly adhesive resins using by rapeseed flour (RSF), which is the by-product of bio-diesel produced from rapeseed, for replacing petroleum-based adhesives with them. To formulate RSF-based adhesive resins, RSF was hydrolyzed in de-ionized water, 1% and 3% sodium hydroxide solutions. As a crosslinking agent, PF prepolymers were prepared with 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 mol formaldehyde and 1 mol phenol (1.8-, 2.1-and 2.4-PF), and then mixed with RSF hydrolyzates to complete the formulation of RSF-based adhesive resins. The RSF-based adhesive resins were applied to fabricate 3-ply plywood panels. The solid content of RSF-based adhesive resins were ranged from 26.08% to 36.12% depending on the hydrolysis condition of RSF and PF prepolymer type with a high viscosity. The tensile shear strength and wood failure of plywood fabricated with RSF-based adhesive resins exceeded a minimum requirement of KS standard for ordinary plywood regardless of the hydrolysis condition of RSF and PF prepolymer type.Formaldehyde emissions of the plywood panels fabricated with 1.8-PF and RSF hydrolyzates were lower than that of E0 specified in the KS standard. Based on the results, RSF might be used as a raw material of environmentally friendly adhesives for the production of plywood panels, but further researches -the increase of solid content of RSF-based adhesives for reducing press time and the microscopic observation of plywood specimen for identifying the relationship between tensile shear strength and the penetration of adhesives into wood structure -are required to commercialize the RSF-based adhesives.

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of different fish meal and wheat flour contents in extruded pellets on the growth and apparent nutrient digestibility of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four extruded pellets (HB1, HB1T, HB2 and HB2T) were prepared using two kinds of high quality brown fish meal and low quality tuna fish meal. Two diets (HB1 and HB2) contained two different kinds of brown fish meal, respectively; in HB1T and HB2T, we substituted 50 % of the brown fish meal with 10 % wheat flour. Three replicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 82 g) were fed the experimental pellets to visual satiation for 15 weeks. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed HB1, and weight gain of fish fed HB2 was significantly higher than that of fish fed HB2T (P<0.05). Feeding efficiency for fish fed HB1 was significantly higher than that of fish fed HB1T and HB2T (P<0.05), but was not significantly different from fish fed HB2. Apparent dry matter digestibility in HB1 and HB2 was significantly higher than in HB1T and HB2T (P<0.05). The highest crude protein digestibility was observed in HB1, and protein digestibility in HB1T and HB2 was higher than in HB2T (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that fish meal quality considerably affects growth and nutrient digestibility of olive flounder fed extruded pellets, and the use of HB1 is recommended over HB1T, HB2 and HB2T for efficient olive flounder production.

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Spatial information has been widely used for efficient land use and management, disaster management, environment management, infrastructure management, corporate marketing, and cultural assets management, and the need for spatial information is expected to be increased. For this reason, central government, local government and public institutions must establish a National Spatial Information System (Fifteen systems related to spatial information managed by National Spatial Data Infrastructure Policy office, NSIS) framework that guarantees high accuracy and quality. The NSIS will provide convenience usage of spatial information in the field of decision-making or civil support. However the current National Spatial Information System is mainly established with separate processes, which causes data redundancy, deterioration of information, passive opening, and sharing of the spatial data. This study suggests 4 standards, which has been derived by applying value-chain model to NSIS data flow, and they are 'Production and Establishment', 'Integration and Sharing', 'Application and Fusion' and 'Release and Opening'. Based on these standards, the 15 NSIS were analyzed to draw out implications and reforming directions were suggested. By following these suggestions we expect more recent, consist, accurate, and connected National Spatial Information Service which will be more open to public and then satisfy the demands.

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