As people's anxiety about particulate matter increases and scientific facts related to particulate matter become controversial and politicized, the particulate matter problem is emerging as an important social conflict and issue in Korean society. In addition, rumors and fake news related to particulate matter are spreading online, which is causing anxiety.Anxiety gives rise to rumor and rumor gives rise to rumor. The spread of rumors and the trust in them are obstacles to implementing government particulate matter-related policies.Therefore, this study analyzed the factors that determine the belief in rumors related to particulate matter. To this end, this study uses 24 variables belonging to value, risk perception, risk communication, and resource factors as independent variables, and sets up rumors as dependent variables.Analysis results show, first, environmentalism (+), perceived benefits (+), subjective knowledge (+), negative emotions (+), trust (-), quality of official information (-), household income (-), social class (+), health level (-), and poor residential environment (-) have the impact on the belief in rumor. Second, age variables have a great influence on explanatory power, and have an effect in the order of quality of official information> subjective knowledge> social class> environmentalism> household income. Third, the social class, health level, living environment, and educational level performed the moderating role between perception/communication factor and the belief in rumor.