: A study was conducted to investigate the effect of water temperature and photoperiod on the oxygen consumption of the fasting juvenile Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (mean body weight 79.9± 2.0 g) in order to quantify metabolic response of the species under given conditions. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of G. macrocephalus was measured under a combination of four different water temperatures (7, 10, 13 , respectively. Under all water temperature conditions except 7 o C (P<0.001), mean OCRs of G. macrocephalus were the highest in continuous light (24L:0D) followed by 12L:12D and 0L:24D photoperiods. Mean OCRs of fish exposed to the 12L:12D photoperiod were significantly higher during the light phase than during the dark phase under all temperature conditions (P<0.001). Q 10 values ranged from 3.19~5.13 between 7 and 10 o C, 1.41~1.74 between 10 and 13 o C and 1.15~1.35 between 13 and 16 o C, respectively. Based on overall results, water temperature, photoperiod and their combinations exerted a significant influence on the metabolic rate of juvenile cod. This study provides empirical data for estimating the amount of oxygen demand and managing the culture of cod under the given water temperatures and photoperiods.
One of the most important challenges facing the Spirulina mass cultivation industry is to find a way to reduce the high production costs involved in production. Although the most commercial medium (Zarrouk's medium) for Spirulina cultivation is too expensive to use, it contains higher amount of NaHCO 3 (16.80 g L −1), trace metals and vitamin solutions. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of Spirulina platensis biomass production by developing a low-cost culture medium at an isolated tropical island such as Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). This study set out to formulate a lowcost medium for the culture of S. platensis, by substituting nutrients of Zarrouk's medium using fertilizer
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