: A genus Camelina has been attracted as a promising oil crop, especially available in drought and marginal conditions. Due to more demands on arable land for bioenergy crops, price of agricultural products has been a challengeable issue. In that respect, development of Camelina crop with higher germination rate and germination energy can be a strategy to secure seedling establishment, nutrient uptake and long vegetative period. In order to be easily available in the field and laboratory conditions, Camelina seed needs to be optimized for its germination temperature. Germination temperature regime was in a range of 8 to 32℃ initially, and consecutively narrowed down to 8 to 20℃. Based on the temperature range, Camelina germinated greater than 96% at 8-16℃ in two weeks after sowing, but germination rate started to decrease at the higher than 24℃ and was significantly low at higher than 32℃. In terms of rapid time to reach the maximum germination rate and greater germination energy, temperature ranged from 12 to 16℃ was found to be desirable for Camelina germination. Although germinationa rate was greater at 16℃, lower temperature close to 12℃ would be favored for the field conditions where greater root growth leading to healthier seedlings and better nutrient or water availability is considerably demanded.
At the first time in South Korea, the state of the art acoustic systems were mounted on the R/V Tamgu 21. The acoustic systems are an EK80 broadband echosounder (18, 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz) which has two beam modes such as continuous wave (narrowband) and frequency modulation (broadband), an ME70 multibeam echosounder (70-120 kHz), and a SH90 sonar (111.5-115.5 kHz). Acoustic data from broadband mode have a very short range resolution, a large detection range, a high signal to noise ratio, and a wide and consecutive frequency response. In ME70, each individual beam consisted in a multibeam plays a role as a spilt beam. The first trial of the cutting edge acoustic system installed on the R/V Tamgu 21 was conducted from 15 Feb to 29 Feb 2016 in East Sea, South Sea and East China Sea. The properties of the acoustic systems were elucidated and exploratory results from three systems were exhibited. Lastly, issues which should be considered and future research plan are mentioned.
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