Purpose: Although many previous studies related to sentence recognition of the hearing-impaired elderly have found their poor performance under various distracting listening conditions, there is still a lack of information for their error type in the sentence. The purpose of present study was to analyze a prominent error type among nine parts of speech in various levels of noise and fast speech conditions for the hearing-impaired elderly. Methods: Seven old listeners with moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated. For estimating their sentence recognition, Korean Speech Perception in Noise was applied for four signal-to-noise ratios (no noise, +6, +3, 0 dB) and four time alteration conditions (±30%, ±15%), while being presented at the most comfortable level to each participant. Total percent error and substitution error patterns of the sentence recognition were analyzed as a function of conditions. Results: The percent error of sentence recognition was increased as either noise level increased or speech rate was faster. Among the parts of speech, noun substitution error pattern showed the highest number for all participants regardless levels of noise and time alteration. Interestingly, the noun substitution error pattern was outstood in quiet and 15% time compression. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that aural rehabilitation of the hearing-impaired elderly may focus on reducing and correcting the noun substitution error to improve their sentence recognition.
With increasing on concern of recreational noise-induced hearing loss in young population, the present study aimed to investigate factors for determining preferred listening levels of the portable listening device users. Methods: For measuring the preferred listening levels of forty young listeners with normal hearing, four types of earphone having different insertion depths to the ear canal was applied under three levels of background noise (quiet, 40 dBA and 70 dBA) while listening to four music genres as exogenous factors. Also, their acceptable noise levels (ANLs) were identified as an endogenous factor. Results: As we expected, the preferred listening levels were significantly increased as the background noise level (BNL) increased. Among the music genres, classic and ballad (or R&B) were the lowest and highest listening levels, respectively. In addition, when the insertion depth to the ear canal was longer, the listening levels were decreased regardless of music genres and BNLs, except for the headphone that totally covered user's pinna. Interestingly, there was a partially correlation between the preferred listening levels in the experimental conditions and the ANLs. Conclusion: The present results imply that both exogenous and endogenous factors might affect user's preferred listening levels of the portable listening device although a further study to see any interaction among the factors should be followed.
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