This study was done objected to the chronic stroke patients in order to evaluate change in brain wave activity and cognitive performance when Neurofeedback training. The subjects were over 6 months ago in chronic stroke patients screened-test through the 20 patients, 10 persons in each group were randomly placed. This was carried out in 4 weeks in total, with control group(n=10) on general physical therapy and experimental group(n=10) on general physical therapy along with Neurofeedback training. The general physical therapy was applied 5 times a week, 30 minutes at once, Neurofeedback training was applied as equally as the general physical therapy, which makes 20 times in total. To learn about the effect before the training, after training, and 2 weeks after the training in electric physiological measurement method of the brain, electroencephalogram(EEG) to examine challenges by calculating the absolute spectrum power for standard EEG change(%), followed by evaluation with clinical assessment tool MMSE-K, Stroop Test, Digit Span Test. As a result of comparing the change in brain wave through EEG, after training and 2 weeks after training showed that absolute α-power and absolute β-SMR power of experimental group have increased and absolute θ-power decreased significantly compared to experimental group I. Moreover, the MMSE-K score in trial appraisal has increased significantly, and the error in Stroop Test and Digit Span Test has decreased significantly. such results, with the chronic stroke patient's brain wave control, Neurofeedback training was determined to improve the cognitive performance. this study suggests a new training possibility of stroke patients by identifying the training effects of Neurofeedback training that trains the brain directly with brain wave control.
Background/Aims: In Korea, medications are available by prescription from a physician, or can be purchased over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. Education regarding both prescribed and OTC drugs is important to minimize side effects and avoid drug abuse. The risk of side effects due to polypharmacy is increasing due to the growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods: There are various clinical guidelines for physicians, but it is difficult for patients and their caregivers to find published guidelines regarding drug use. In this regard, experts from nine subspecialties of internal medicine, geriatric medicine, and guideline development methodology formed a working group to develop guidelines for safe drug use under the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine.Results: The main contents of this guideline are 1) safe and effective drug administration, 2) the proper use of analgesics (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), 3) the proper use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills to prevent drug abuse, 4) points to be aware of when taking multiple medications.Conclusions: The guidelines were developed for patients and their caregivers to understand the general principles and precautions for drug use, including commonly used painkillers, mood stabilizers, sleeping pills, and polypharmacy. These guidelines could also be used as educational materials for physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers to educate patients and their caregivers.
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