Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are measured for auditory threshold estimation and neuro-otologic assessment and are generally evoked by short-duration signals. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the calibration of short-duration stimuli for the recording of AEPs. Since there are no national standards concerning the measurement of short-duration stimuli, calibration of shortduration stimuli are introduced in reference to the newest version of international standards. Especially, the behavioral and physical calibration of clicks and tone-bursts used in the AEP system for early AEPs are focused on and explained. Two of the recent international standards (IEC 60645-3:2007, ISO 389-6:2007) can help to guide the calibration of short-duration stimuli. In these standards, the reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels based on the peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level (p-p.e.SPL) is defined as the calibration value of clicks and tone-bursts. We need to quantify the level of short-duration stimuli using the p-p.e.SPL approach. However, some researchers have found that even these standards are still lacking or inadequate. This paper will provide useful information about the calibration of short-duration stimuli to technicians and audiologists who regularly check the AEP system. It is also important to understand additional measures (peak SPL, baseline-to-peak equivalent SPL) for quantifying short-duration stimulus levels.
Audiologists are in a unique position to work with people who have hearing loss or any ear-related problems such as balance and tinnitus. The audiologists evaluate the hearing status, interpret the results, and plan the audiologic care and rehabilitation services. Due to a wide range of works as a professional, one of the most important roles of Audiology departments is to educate and train students to work as future professional audiologists. Given no establishment of accreditation of Audiology departments in Korea, a survey of academic and clinical education environments is a key starting point to discuss across departments for the process of the departmental accreditation. In the present study, a survey was conducted to obtain information about fourteen programs of academic and clinical environments offering the graduate or undergraduate degrees in the Audiology and Hearing Sciences. Aspects of core academic and clinical courses, environments of clinical education, information on professors and students were surveyed in this study. Results showed that most departments had the similar core courses. However, the departments varied in terms of clinical courses and facilities, and faculty members. Some strengths and weaknesses of each Audiology department were idetnfiied. Most of faculty agreed that the quality of education would be improved by developing endorsement for accreditation criteria and a common set of acceptable standards for universities. This would assure consistency across departments, education quality, better clinical and practical environments. The accreditation of audigology departments will promote the status of audiologists and hearing scientists in Korea, resulting in a high-quality audiological hearing services for the hearing-impaired. Future studies should be based on a regular monitoring of the departmental education.
In increasingly competitive market conditions, domestic construction companies are struggling to secure a competitive edge by increasing consumer satisfaction. In these circumstances, a greater emphasis needs to be put on providing an upgraded level of quality in the area of addressing defects to the satisfaction of customers, which is considered to have a great impact on customer satisfaction. This empirical study of the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention aims to provide basis data for increasing service quality, particularly in dealing with the defect issues facing construction companies. To this end, a literature review was carried out on the concept of service quality along with defect issues, and customer satisfaction and influential factors were identified. Building on these foundations and findings, a survey was administered to residents in housing dwellings such as apartments. The results of this study are expected to heighten awareness of the need for increased service quality, which may have a critical influence on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention, and will thereby contribute to enhancing competitiveness and other aspects of the current construction industry.
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