The characteristics of atmospheric dispersion of radioactive material (i.e. 137 Cs) related to local wind patterns around the Kori nuclear power plant (KNPP) were studied using WRF/HYSPLIT model. The cluster analysis using observed winds from 28 weather stations during a year (2012) was performed in order to obtain representative local wind patterns. The cluster analysis identified eight local wind patterns (P1, P2, P3, P4-1, P4-2, P4-3, P4-4, P4-5) over the KNPP region. P1, P2 and P3 accounted for 14.5%, 27.0% and 14.5%, respectively. Both P1 and P2 are related to westerly/northwesterly synoptic flows in winter and P3 includes the Changma or typhoons days. The simulations of P1, P2 and P3 with high wind velocities and constant wind directions show that 137 Cs emitted from the KNPP during 0900~1400 LST (Local Standard Time) are dispersed to the east sea, southeast sea and southwestern inland, respectively. On the other hands, 5 sub-category of P4 have various local wind distributions under weak synoptic forcing and accounted for less than 10% of all. While the simulated 137 Cs for P4-2 is dispersed to southwest inland due to northeasterly flows, 137 Cs dispersed northward for the other patterns. The simulated average 137Cs concentrations of each local wind pattern are 564. 1~1076.3 Bqm -3 . The highest average concentration appeared P4-4 due to dispersion in a narrow zone and weak wind environment. On the other hands, the lowest average concentration appeared P1 and P2 due to rapid dispersion to the sea. The simulated 137 Cs concentrations and dispersion locations of each local wind pattern are different according to the local wind conditions.
This paper explores the effect of the Russian Revolution of 1917 on the periphery of the Russian Empire, focusing on the case of Armenia. Armenia, situated in the Southern Caucasus, achieved independence in 1918 during the Russian Civil War, but it could last only for three years. In 1920, the Armenian government had to agree on the transfer of power to the Revolutionary Committee, resulting in the Sovietization of Armenia. After looking into the socio-economic conditions of Armenians and their political landscape, this paper deals with the birth and the fall of the first Republic of Armenia in the period 1917-1920. In doing so, the paper highlights the external and internal factors that contributed to the demise of the Armenian Republic. These factors include the Turkish offensive that the Armenian army could not withstand and the nationalist stance of the Armenian Republic that prevented timely reconciliation with the Bolsheviks.
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