Open鄄pit coal mining causes rock mass peeling, vegetation damage and of phy鄄chemical properties change of soil. Severe disturbance makes soil system in mining area the main receptor of soil erosion, landslide and other potential ecological risks. In this study,soil ecosystem of Pingzhuang western open鄄pit coal mining area in Inner Mongolia was the research object. To find the distribution and changes of ecological fragility, the main phy鄄chemical properties of soil,the vegetation succession and the characteristics of soil nematode community structure in mining area were analyzed on landscape units. The results indicate the relevance between maturity and stability of soil systems and their lives. Compared with the agro鄄ecosystem and natural ecosystem undisturbed, however, mining areas and dumping sites have poor soil structure, low soil fertility and less maturity and stability of animal and plant communities. Due to the restriction factors such as soil nutrient condition and microbial quantity,natural recovery of vegetation in mining area is slow and the ecosystem is fragile. Soil reformation,plants selection and nutrient conditions improvement should be suitable to reconstruct vegetation.
Planning and construction of the national large鄄scale coal鄄fired power bases are one important department of Twelfth Five鄄Year Plan., and it is also an important measure of development strategy of China忆s future energy. With the development of social economy, people pay more attention on the assessment of ecological effects on human activities. So the assessment of ecological effects on the national large鄄scale coal鄄fired power base is an important way ensuring the regional sustainable development of the national large鄄scale coal鄄fired power base. The national large鄄scale coal鄄fired power bases are always distributed in arid and semi鄄arid regions in the north of China. The regional ecological environment direct impact on ecological safety of Beijing, Tianjin, Northeast urban agglomeration, and two of major grain production bases, even the
As the construction of coal鄄fired power bases in China accelerates, the amount of ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by this and their subsequent operation and servicing becomes more serious. It should be a priority to establish the ecological and environmental risks posed by coal鄄fired power bases, to assess their impact on ecosystems and human health, and to develop reasonable strategies for the protection, governance, and restoration of the environment. A sustained and methodical program of ecological and environmental monitoring is the basis for solving these problems. However, currently, the monitoring of technical systems still presents several operational shortcomings, such as low levels of automation, high operating costs, and poor spatial and temporal coverage. At the same time, significant developments in the Internet of Things are improving both the production efficiency of data collection and the way in which data are captured. Accordingly, we believe that the Internet of Things could be one of the more effective ways of solving the problems inherent in the current monitoring of technical systems, in respect of the sensing layer, transport layer, supporting layer, application layer, and client layer. For the study area in the current work, we used Xilinguolemeng in Inner
Transforming slope farmland to terraces has been an effective measure to improve crop yield per unit and control soil and water loss. Based on the theory of internal and external effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces, this paper constructs the mathematical model for quantitatively evaluating ecological鄄economic coupling status. Taking the Yangou watershed of Yan忆an city which is located in the core area of the hilly鄄gully region of Loess Plateau as a case, using spatial data of land use and DEM, crop yield and soil erosion modeling data, and monitoring and survey data, this paper quantitatively assesses and analyzes ecological鄄economic coupling effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces. The results show that: ( 1) it is feasible to evaluate ecological鄄economic coupling effects of transforming slope farmland to terraces from the internal and external aspects. Soil erosion cost per economic yield unit ( Ecological鄄economic coupling index) can quantitatively and effectively reflects ecological鄄economic coupling level. ( 2) Assuming beans and corn are cultivated on the slope farmland, the changing trend of ecological鄄economic coupling index shows that it ascends as the topographic gradient rises. This indicates that the higher topographic gradient, the more soil erosion cost of per economic yield unit. Topographic gradient 5毅 and 15毅 are two important thresholds. There is no need to transform slope farmland below 5毅. However, slope farmland between 5毅 and 15毅 should be the key object of transformation to terraces. Slope farmland above 15毅 needs to be converted to forest and grassland. ( 3) Transforming slope farmland to terraces has dramatically http: / / www.ecologica.cn enhanced ecological鄄economic coupling level of cultivated land in the Yangou watershed. Before and after transforming slope farmland to terraces, the ecological鄄economic coupling index is 1. 805 t / 100 yuan, 0郾 853 t / 100 yuan, respectively, decreased by 52.73%. As the transformation from slope farmland to terraces and the enhancement of vegetation coverage rate, the flood runoff and sediment transport modulus have sharply declined, and the soil and water loss situation has been obviously improved.
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