This paper attempts to review the historical background, petroleum geological significance, major contributions and basic methodology of seismic geomorphology , which has recently been developed as an integration of 3D seismic technology/3D visualization technique and sedimentology/sequence stratigraphy. Seismic geomorphology may be defined as the study of sediment body morphology and properties using 3D seismic data, and is expected to be indispensable for future sedimentology and hydrocarbon exploration/development, since seismic geomorphology provides detailed information on the sediment morphology, distributions and depositional processes. From the sedimentological aspect, seismic geomorphology clarifies detailed internal structures of depositional elements, and improves general depositional models of various depositional systems. From the petroleum geological aspect, seismic geomorphology plays an important role to bridge over sedimentology, geophysics and reservoir engineering in an integrated reservoir characterization workflow.In a seismic geomorphological analysis procedure, basic sequence stratigraphic framework should be constructed, first, and reconnaissance survey over 3D seismic data should be conducted, next. Subsequently, targeted reservoir rock bodies are displayed in detail by slicing, horizon surface displaying, volume attribute analysis and trace shape seismic facies analysis on the 3D seismic data. Finally, sedimentological interpretation is conducted for the displayed sediment body to determine depositional elements, processes and facies distributions. It is regarded that proper pattern recognition and blend of spatial seismic geomorphology and temporal seismic stratigraphy are the keys to obtain effective solutions in the seismic geomorphological analysis.