F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has repidly entered into widespread use throughout Japan. Over 200 PET centers are currently in use. FDG-PET can be used to detect many malignant tumors and has become the gold standard for oncologic imaging. However, many false-negative cases have been reported. Many new radiopharmaceuticals have been developed as post-FDG agents. One of these radiopharmaceuticals, 11 C-acetate (AC), has been used to detect tumors for which FDG gives poor results. The usefulness of AC-PET remains to be established, but many reports have suggested its utility for tumors, such as prostate cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, brain glioma. etc.
Diagnostic imaging modalities have evolved significantly with the development of iodine-containing X-ray contrast media and gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium-containing contrast media are widely employed as a contrast agent for MRI and have been generally considered to be safe. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been reported as a severe progressive disorder related to the administration of gadolinium-chelate agents in patients with renal insufficiency, since 2006. NSF causes fibrosis of the skin and connective tissue throughout the body. The exact pathophysiolosy of NSF remains uncertain and no clearly effective therapies exist for NSF so far. Since 2007, the FDA has asked manufactures to include a boxed warning on the product labeling of all gadolinium-based MR contrast agents. In this article, we introduce the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in addition to iodine-containing contrast induced nephropathy.
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