Genetic diversity analysis of different age of a Dalian population of the Manila clam Ruditapes
Two cupped oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis and Crassostrea gigas are economically and ecologically important species native to the Northern and Southern coasts of China, respectively. C. hongkongensis is one of the most important oyster species currently cultured due to its high market value in Southern China. The species is distributed from Fujian to Guangxi Provinces, with populations centered in Guangdong Province. C. gigas is the most commonly species of oyster cultured, owing to its worldwide distribution, rapid growth, and dominant position in commercial oyster cultures. In Northern China, they are farmed primarily farmed in Liaoning and Shandong Province. To determine the possibility of transplantation of C. hongkongensis from Southern to Northern China, the early phenotypic traits both larval and juvenile C. hongkongensis and C. gigas were determined under the identical environments, which include temperature (Mt: (22依
X W.Identification of EST_SSR markers associated with growth鄄related traits in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(6) :1910鄄 1916. 菲律宾蛤仔 EST_SSR 标记与生长性状的相关分析 牛泓博,聂鸿涛,朱德鹏,杨摇 凤,闫喜武 * 大连海洋大学,辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心, 大连摇 116023 摘要:研究利用 20 个微卫星标记对菲律宾蛤仔斑马蛤 F2 代家系 107 个个体进行遗传多样性分析,并对标记位点与生长相关性 状进行分析。 在 20 个微卫星位点共检测到 41 个等位基因,各位点等位基因数为 2-3 个,等位基因片段大小为 109-430 bp, 平均等位基因数为 2.05 个。 平均有效等位基因数为 1.71 个,观测杂合度平均值为 0.504,期望杂合度的平均值为 0.431,平均多 态信息含量为 0.324。 经卡方检验,3 个位点 SSR11,SSR164 和 SSR213 的基因型分布显著偏离了孟德尔定律( P<0郾 01) 。 运用 SPSS 20.0 对 20 个微卫星位点与菲律宾蛤仔斑马蛤家系生长性状的相关性( 壳长、壳宽、壳高和体重) 进行连锁显著性检验。 结 果表明,SSR9 位点与壳高存在显著的相关关系( P<0.05) ,SSR135 和 SSR164 位点与壳宽呈显著相关( P<0郾 05) ,SSR142 位点与 体重呈显著性相关Abstract: The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, which is widely distributed along the coasts of China, is an economically important marine bivalve species in China忆s aquaculture industry. The world production of this species was 3.6 million metric tons in 2010. China is the first largest country in the world in terms of production of the Manila clam, producing about 3. 0 million metric tons annually, which accounts for about 90% of global production. This species has several pedigrees including White, Zebra, Liangdao Red and Marine Red distributing in the coastal areas in North China.Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats ( SSRs) are tandemly repeated motifs of 1-6 genetic base pairs. Microsatellite markers are powerful molecular markers due to their high polymorphism, stability, and co鄄dominance, and they are used widely in studies of genetic diversity, parentage assignment, genetic linkage map construction, and trait鄄related marker screening. In this study, 20 microsatellite DNA markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 107 individuals of a Zebra F2 pedigree of R. philippinarum. Forty鄄one alleles were detected, and the number of alleles ( Na) was 2-3 at each locus ( average, 2.05) . The effective number of alleles ( Ne) was 1.71, and the DNA fragment length was 109-430 base pairs. The mean values of observed heterozygosity ( Ho) , expected heterozygosity ( He) , and polymorphism information content ( PIC) were 0.504, 0.431, and 0.324, respectively. The probability value of the chi鄄square test showed that three loci significantly deviated from Mendelian segregation ( P < 0. 01) , which suggested that these loci might link with the adaptive gene, and two loci ( SSR11 and SSR164) may link with recessive homozygous lethal genes. The general linear http: / / www.ecologica.cn model procedure in SPSS20.0 was used to analyze the correlation between the 20 microsatellites and growth鄄related traits of R. philippinarum ( i.e., shell length, shell width, shell height, and body weight) . Four loci were significantly related to the growth traits ( P<0.05) : SSR135 and SSR164 were significantly related to shell width ( P<0.05) , SSR9 was significantly related to shell height ( P<0.05) , and SSR142 was significantly related to total weight ( P<0.05) . Favorable genotypes for each growth trait were identified by a multiple c...
One of the most important reasons for the abnormal mortality of the cultured bivalve is the environmental contaminants, which induce suppression for the immune system of the bivalve. In this research, the immunotoxicity of marine pollutants on the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from the coast around Dalian was explored. The results indicated that types and concentrations of contaminants had important influence on the immunity and physiological indexes. In Pikou Sea area, owing to the lower content of heavy metal and oils, total haemocyte counts (THC) , leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity and lysozyme (LYZ) activity of clams were significantly higher than the other three sea areas (P<0.05) , and a lower haemolymph lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was also found. In Heishijiao area with higher content heavy metals and oils, the glutathione (GSH + GSSG) content of haemolymph in clams was significantly higher than the other three sea areas (P < 0.05). And the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of haemolymph were higher (P < 0郾 05) in clams collected from Zhuanghe Sea area, where a higher concentration of heavy metal was detected.
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