Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) is one of the most important and commonly used techniques in studies of microbial molecular ecology. DGGE has been widely used in the analysis of community structures and biodiversity of bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaea, miniature eukaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. This technique can be used for the reliable analysis of multiple samples at the same time. It is suitable for the surveillance of microbial population changes over both space and time, and is used to probe microbial community composition by DNA sequence analysis. This technology can overcome the limitations associated with traditional analysis techniques, such as cultivation, purification, and microscopy.In this research, DGGE spectra analysis was used to examine the microbial diversity during the Fahua鄄fermentation process of Fuzhuan Brick Tea production. To explore the bacterial community structure during this process, we collected Fuzhuan Brick Tea samples at days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 of the Fahua鄄fermentation process. Total genomic DNA was extracted from each of the samples, and the V3 variable region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified. The amplified products were separated by DGGE. The separated DGGE bands were extracted and gel鄄purified then ligated into the pEASY鄄T vector.Resultant plasmids were transformed into electrocompetent Escherichia coli DH5琢 cells, and positive clones were identified by blue white screening experiment. Plasmids from the positive clones were then extracted and sequenced, and the resulting sequences were submitted to the GenBank database. Using the BLASTN tool to carry out homology comparisons, we identified sequences in the database that were most similar to the 16S rDNA sequences amplified from the Fahua鄄 http: / / www.ecologica.cn fermentation community samples. The results showed three distinctive kinds of bacterial community structure, correlating to fermentation times of 0-4 days, 6-8 days, and 10-14 days. Alignments of the V3 variable regions of the 16S rDNA genes showed that samples contained Brevundimonas aurantiaca, Millisia brevis, Novosphingobium sp, Clostridium ultunense, Pseudomonas veronii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, uncultured Epsilonproteobacteria, uncultured Saprospiraceae bacterium, uncultured Myxococcales bacterium, uncultured Rhizobiales bacterium, and six kinds of unculturable bacteria. This analysis technique provided a detailed spectrum of bacteria at the different time periods during the Fahua鄄fermentation process, and showed that bacterial species present during this stage of Fuzhuan Brick Tea production are abundant. Amongst the bacterial species, nine strains belonged to the Proteobacteria, three strains were identified as Firmicutes, one strain belonged to the Actinobacteria, and one strain belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. We also identified six strains with the greatest similarity to unknown unculturable bacteria, which will require further analysis. This study also identified K. pneumoniae, B. aurantiaca, P....
It is very important to develop a rapid algorithm for rodent pest damage estimation, especially for an outbreak year. The Yangtze vole (Microtus fortis) has been identified as a primary rodent pest in the Dongting Lake region. In July 2007, there was a sudden population explosion in that region, representing the most serious Yangtze vole disaster on record. More than two billion voles crossed the lake levee, causing massive crop damage. The study area of Beizhouzi, to the west of East Dongting Lake, was selected because it had the highest population density during the outbreak year. A difference method of vegetation index was used in the assessment, in which the outbreak year 2007 was contrasted with 2004, which was considered a normal year. All vegetation鄄index imagery was from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) , which was masked by a land鄄use map of the study area to remove water bodies and urban and built鄄up lands. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the outbreak year declined during the vegetation growth period, in contrast with the normal year. This NDVI change was a result of plant destruction by the Yangtze vole population. Regarding the local crop system, Julian days 193 and 209 were chosen for observations representative of before and after the Yangtze
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