The clinical significance of serum basic fetoprotein (BFP) in prostatic cancer was investigated together with serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostate specific antigen (PA). Investigated in this study were 40 patients with prostatic cancer, ranging in age from 50 to 85 years (mean age: 69.5 years). According to clinical staging, 3 cases (7.5%) had a stage A disease, 10 cases (25.0%) a stage B disease, 7 cases (17.5%) a stage C disease, and 20 cases (50.0%) a stage D disease. The positive rates for serum BFP, PAP, gamma-Sm, and PSA were 60.0, 45.0, 63.6, and 68.4%, respectively, and these rates increased as the stage advanced. The above results suggest that BFP is the most useful marker of the four for monitoring prostatic cancer. In a combination assay of these four markers, 29 (87.9%) of 33 patients with prostatic cancer could be diagnosed by observing an elevated serum level in one of the markers. This suggests that a combination assay of BFP, PAP, gamma-Sm and PSA in patients with prostatic cancer is useful for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.
Bladder calculi account for 5% of urinary calculi and usually occur because of bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic bladder, urinary tract infection, or foreign bodies. In adults, bladder calculi can be treated endoscopiccally by mechanical cystolithotripsy, ultrasound and electrohydraulic lithotripsy, pneumatic lithotripsy, and Holmium:yttrium-aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. Recent studies have demonstrated the advantages the Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy for the treatment of bladder calculi, in comparison with other modalities. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of transurethral Ho:YAG laser cystolithotripsy for the treatment of bladder calculi. From January 2007 to December 2009, transurethral cystolithotripsy with Ho:YAG laser was done for 13 patients. All the patients became stone-free at one session. No major intra and post-operative complication occurred. It is concluded that transurethral Ho:YAG laser cystolithotripsy is safe and effective in patient with bladder stone.
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with Holmium:yttrium-aluminumgarnet (Ho:YAG) laser was done for 21 patients. The success rates 2 and 12 weeks after TUL were 86.5% and 90.9%, respectively. Intraoperative laser-related ureteral perforation was seen in 4.7% (n=1). In conclusion, transurethral Ho: YAG laser ureterolithotripsy is a effective procedure for the upper urinary stones.
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