During the past two decades, camera-trapping has been widely used in biodiversity monitoring and wildlife research across China. Most of the existing camera-trapping projects focus on mammals, and birds are frequently considered in by-catch records. We analyzed 230 wildlife camera-trapping research projects in China since 1992, on the basis of an exhaustive review of Chinese and English literature, including published articles, conference reports, public news, and additional unpublished datasets. Results showed that at least 393 wild bird species, belonging to 17 orders and 56 families and accounting for 28.67% of the total number of bird species in China, have been documented using camera-trapping since 1992. The order with the most recorded species was Passeriformes (268). On the family level, Turdidae had the highest number of recorded species (58), followed by Timaliidae (50) and Phasianidae (42). There were 23 families that each only had one recorded species. Ground-and understory-dwelling forest birds accounted for the majority of all birds recorded, in terms of either species richness or camera detections. Published bird records were characterized by regional imbalances. Sichuan and Yunnan provinces were the most surveyed provinces, with 16 and 14 •研究报告• © 第 10 期 朱淑怡等: 基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测: 现状、问题与前景 1115 sites, respectively. The highest species richness was recorded in Sichuan (160), followed by Yunnan (91) and Zhejiang (66). A total of 104 new regionally recorded species were reported. Given the fact that there is still an abundance of camera-trapping data that has not been published, we speculated that the actual recorded bird species should be higher. These results indicated that camera-trapping can produce considerable bird distribution data of high accuracy, high quality and large amounts, which may provide a significant contribution to biodiversity monitoring and regional inventories of birds in China. Terrestrial birds, including Galliformes, Turdidae and Timaliidae, should be included as one of the target groups in current and future monitoring networks using standardized camera-trapping techniques, and such networks could also complement data and support the inventory and diversity monitoring of other taxa.
The synthesis of a series of N- [3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-1-arylpropyl]acetamides using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the catalyst was reported in this paper. It was achieved by a modified Dakin-West reaction using 4-methylacetophenone, aromatic aldehydes and acetonitrile as starting materials. The highest yield was up to 95% among the twenty eight target compounds synthesized. All the new compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HRMS spectra. This one-pot reaction offered several advantages including small catalyst loading (0.3 mol%), moderate reaction temperatures (28~35 ℃) and simple post treatment procedure. A reaction mechanism was for the first time established, in which hydroxybenzaldehyde was first catalytically converted into corresponding acetoxybenzaldehyde prior to be involved in the subsequent Dakin-West reaction that eventually led to hydroxyl acetylated target compounds. The resultant hydroxyl acetylated β-acetamido ketones were selectively deacetylated in LiOH to produce the corresponding hydroxyl products with excellent yields. The current work further demonstrated that TFA was an efficient catalyst for Dakin-West reaction involving arylalkyl ketones, aromatic aldehydes and acetonitrile, which expanded significantly the scope of the substrates and provided a new synthetic route to β-acetamido ketones.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.