The accelerating global urbanization caused severe air pollutions. In Beijing, the air pollution has been exacerbated due to the wide鄄spread construction activities and increasing number of vehicles. The increasing concentration of ozone (O 3) in the troposphere has been recognized as a source of air pollution, due to its adverse effects on human health and plant and animal growth, and its contribution to global climate change. O 3 is known to impact forest trees in many ways including morphological and histological injuries, decreasing photosynthesis, increasing respiration, and alteration of carbon
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