The underlying hepatopath may cause intra-hepatic recurrence even if curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is achieved. Two patterns of intra-hepatic recurrence is exist, multicentric carcinogenesis with chronic hepatopath and intra-hepatic metastasis. We must diagnose the difference of these 2 characters after treatment, hepatectomy or ablation, for HCC and perform the post-operative adjuvant therapy expecting the 2 patterns. The prevention of multicentric carcinogenesis is postoperative interferon (IFN) therapy on hepatitis C virus-related HCC and the prevention of intrahepatic metastasis is postoperateive transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI) and cell immunotherapy on advanced HCC. The postoperative adjuvant therapy for HCC was found to be an effective adjuvant therapy that significantly improved survival and disease-free survival rates, and we have been not satisfied with the therapiatic effects. Although randomized controlled study with a greater number of patients is necessary.
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