Biological invasion represents one of the most serious threats to ecological diversity, and the invasion ecology research has become one of the central issues of contemporary environmental sciences. Multiple hypotheses have been put forward to explain the remarkable success in many exotic invasive species, but one, allelopathy, proposes that some invaders gain growth advantage through possessing allelopathic, defensive or antimicrobial chemicals to which native organisms have not adapted. This hypothesis has been regarded as an important mechanism for successful exotic plant invasions. Filter paper bioassays, though repeatedly performed in laboratory in many studies, were insufficient to evaluate the allelopathic potential for lacking the incorporation of natural soil, which consists of important space and carrier for manifestation of allelopathy. Rhus typhina, an exotic large shrub or small tree introduced from North America in 1959, was identified as a main afforestation species in Northern China. However, as the distribution keeps expanding, it has been increasingly realized as a potential invasive species in the introduced habitats. Previous research indicated that the aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of R. typhina significantly inhibited the growth of tested plants in filter paper bioassay experiments. In the present study, the allelopathic potential of R. typhina on soil microbes, enzyme activities, soil nutrients and N transformation was investigated after 80 days忆 aqueous extract treatment. The aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of R. typhina were sprayed in 18 pots filled with the same soil (300 mL extracts per pot) with compression sprayer.
Drought is one of the important abiotic factors restricting plant growth and development and causing reduction in crop productivity. While drought stress results in water imbalance and consequently oxidative stress in plants, salt stress creates more complicated patterns of stresses such as ion toxicity, etc., in addition to dehydration stress. Eventually, both
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