stability and viscosity of the emulsion increased with sonication time for the first 10 min and then remained constant. The water droplets in the emulsions of water/diesel fuel/surfactant and water/diesel fuel/vegetable oil/ surfactant were extremely fine and median diameter of the droplets was about 0.3 μm. The water content in the W/O emulsion fuels was significant in the reduction in soot, NO and NOx during combustion.
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