Progressive reduction of water supply was imposed during early period (S1) and late period (S2) interceded by a recovery, with a moderate stress for first case and un intensive stress for second case, at fruiting stage of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rio Grand). The influence of this reduction on fruit production, shoot growth, water content (WC), relative water content (RWC), leaf area (LA), specific leaf weight (SLW), total soluble solids of fruit (T.S.S.) and maturity percentage of fruit were investigated. Repetition of water stress (S1+S2) was obviously reducing the shoot growth, fresh yield, WC, LA and maturity percentage, whereas that was not achieved in dry weight of fruits (FDW), RWC, SLW and T.S.S. Since, a significant difference was founded between the effects of S2 cycle and when that has been preceded by another one S1+S2 on accumulation of dry matter of fruit. Two successive cycles of water stress were doubled of FDW by two times of that registered in control. These results indicate that, during fruiting stage, the effect of gradually exposure of a moderate water stress period, followed by recovery, thereafter by another gradually exposure of un intensive water stress period, contributed to better accumulation of dry matter in fruit by an osmotic adjusting therefore improving water use efficiency, compared to the effect of only one high intensive of water stress applied during the second period. Repetition cycle of water stress may be useful to develop management systems for a reasonable production of tomato and thus reducing the needs of irrigation water in regions facing deficit of water supplies.
أجريت هذه الدراسة لاختبار مدى تأثير مستخلصات أوراق وبذور نبات العرعر الكحولي والمائي على البارد ضد نوعين من البكتريا الممرضة للنبات هما بكتريا Erwinia carotovora وبكتريا Agrobacterium tumfaceins ونوعين من البكتريا الممرضة للإنسان والحيوان هما بكتريا Escherichia coli وبكتريا Staphylococcus aureus وقد أبدت جميع المستخلصات تأثيرا تثبيطيا واضحا ضد نمو جميع أنواع بكتريا الاختبار حيث كان أعلى تأثير مثبط للمستخلصات عند تركيز 150 مليليتر وسجلت أعلى النتائج لمستخلص الايثانول لأوراق نبات العرعر ضد بكتريا Erwinia carotovora إذ بلغ قطر منطقة التثبيط (25.4) ملم في حين كان قطر منطقة التثبيط لمستخلص الايثانول لبذور نبات العرعر لنفس البكتريا هو (20.4) ملم حيث أظهرت الدراسة أن مستخلصات أوراق نبات العرعر أفضل من مستخلصات بذور نبات العرعر، كما بينت الدراسة بان تأثير مستخلصات نبات العرعر كانت أفضل من تأثير المضادات الحيوية وبذلك فان هذه الدراسة قد أوضحت أنه بالإمكان استخدام مستخلصات نبات العرعر كبدائل دوائية منخفضة التكلفة وخاليه من التأثيرات الجانبية.
Over population is using herbal medicines, Plant medicines may be beneficial but are not completely harmless. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of antimicrobial activity of Aqueous Citrus lemon friut Extracts against different microbial isolates of pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella penomniae and Escherichia coli which identified at educational El marj Hospital.Citrus lemon juice extract appaered a secondry metabolic activity agaist Gram-negative bacterial were studied.The affect of cold Citrus lemon extract was recorded. The water extracts of all the materials screened showed various inhibitory effects, the results have shown that the main Inhibition zone was 1.8 cm in diameter with E.coli and 2.5 cm in diameter with Klebsiella penomniae respectively. In addition, the Minimum Inhibition concentratin (MIC) was 1.6 cm in diameter, 1.5 cm in diameter and 1.4 cm in diameter with E.coli and 1.2 , 1.1 cm and 1 cm in diameter with Klebsiella penomniae. respectively when compared with control Also the resluts showed no resistance of these isolatse against lemon that could be used for prevention of various diseases caused by these organisms.
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