Edible mushrooms include many fungal species that are either harvested wild or cultivated, and are consumed by humans for their nutritional and medicinal values. White mushrooms such Agaricus bisporus, belong to Agaricaceae family, is the most extensively cultivated mushroom in the world including Egypt, accounting for 38% of the world production of cultivated mushrooms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the potential protective effects of such white mushroom species extracts against breast tumors/cancer and aarteriosclerosis in vitro. White mushroom samples were obtained from the interior areas of Egypt and used for preparation of various media extracts including water, ethanol and methanol. The methanolic extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity (AA, 89.96%) and the highest bioactive compounds (except vitamin c) including total phenolics content (104.69 mg GAE.g -1 ), flavonoids (17.54 QE.g -1 ) carotenoids (2.4 mg.g -1 ) and minerals (Fe, 1.58 mg.g -1 and Se, 21.87 mg.g -1 ) while the water extract showed the lowest activity (AA= 46.43 %) and low concentration of total phenolics 31.64 mg GAE.g -1 ), flavonoids (4.92 QE.g -1 ) carotenoids (0.61 mg.g -1 ) and minerals (Fe, 0.67 mg.g -1 and Se, 6.04 mg.g -1 ). When all different mushroom extracts were included in the statistical analysis, there was a relatively positive and significant (p≤ 0.01) relationship between total phenolics (r 2 = 86.45), flavonoids (r 2 =81.65), carotenoids (r 2 = 71.56) and vitamin C (r 2 =68.89) and vitamin E (r 2 = 62.1) and antioxidant activity. Also, mushroom methanol extract may be a useful chemopreventive agent for breast cancer/ tumor, as they have been shown to decrease in maximal optical density of intact DNA and DNA fragmentation in EAC (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) cell line in all extract tested concentrations (0.50, 1.00, 1.5 and 2.0%). Furthermore, data confirmed a possibility of white mushroom extracts may be more promising in the prevention of atherosclerosis by inhibiting LDL oxidation and scavenging peroxyl radicals forming during oxidation of lipids in oxidative stress. Hence, white mushroom might be useful as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and Antiatherosclerosis agents, and its extracts especially the methanol one will probably be used successfully for development of dietary foods, food products and pharmaceutical industry.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of low fat hypercholesterolemic diet with or without white mulberry, black mulberry and blueberries fruits on rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes. In addition to determined the chemical composition and phenolic compounds. Fifty four male albino rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into two main groups. The first main group (6 rats) was fed basal diet, as negative control. Thesecond main group (48 rats) fed 6 weeks on hypercholesterolemic diet containing casein 24%, soybean oil 25%, cholesterol 1%, choline chloride 0.4%, salt mixture 10%, vitamin mixture 2%, cellulose 8% and the remainder corn starch, to induce hypercholesterolemia, after this period, total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in normal and hypercholesterolemic groups to insure the induction of hypercholesterolemia. Then the second main group was injected with alloxane (150 mg / kg body weight) to induce hyperglycemia. After four days, serum glucose was determined in the first and second main groupsto ensure the induction. The second main group divided into 8 subgroups, as a following: Subgroup (1) fed on hypercholesterolemic diet (positive control group) a . Subgroup (2) fed on hypercholesterolemic diet containing half amount of soybean oil 12.5% and used as low fat hypercholesterolemic diet (LFHD) (positive control group) b . Subgroup (3 and 4,5,6,7 and 8) fed on low fat diet as described in subgroup(2), but containing 2.5 and 5% white mulberry, المجمد السابع العدد ـ الثالث الثالثون و ـ مارس 0202 النوعية التربية مجاالت في البحوث مجلة respectively. Subgroup (5 and 6) fed on low fat diet as described in subgroup ( 2), but containing 2.5 and 5% black mulberry, respectively and Subgroup (7 and 8) fed on low fat diet as described in subgroup (2), but containing 2.5 and 5% blueberries, respectively. The highest decrease in BWG% and liver and kidney weights/ body weight% recorded for hypercholesterolemic and diabetic group which treated with 5% blue berries. The best results in lipid profile recorded for the group which treated with 5% blue berries, followed by the groups which treated with 5% black mulberry and 5% blue berries, respectively. The highest improvement in serum glucose and liver enzymes recorded for the group which treated with LFHD containing 5% blue berries, followed by the groups which were fed on LFHD containing 2.5% blue berries and 5% black mulberry, respectively. The results revealed that, blue berries and black mulberry have a stronger effect in improving kidney function than white mulberry.White mulberry, black mulberry and blueberries fruits improved the nutritional and biochemical parameters on rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.
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