In this study, the optimum parameters of membrane desalinization of model solutions were determined and the required efficiency was achieved. Methods for stabilizing treatment of water before barometric desalination were developed to improve the efficiency of membranes. Methods of reagent processing of concentrates after barometric water were proposed to create a low-waste technologies for demineralization of water. It was shown that the precipitate can be used as an additive for cements and a sulfate activator for slag-portland cement.

The inhibition effect of the grape pomace extract during the early stage of steel corrosion under adsorbed thin electrolyte layers was investigated. The present study was carried out to identify the components present in the 2-propanol grape pomace extract by GC-MS analysis. Gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR techniques were used to study the corrosion inhibitive. Polarization measurements have indicated that these green inhibitors acted through mixed type inhibition. SEM studies have evidenced the formation of a protective film over metal surface while FTIR supported by molecular modelling has proved that this shielding effect was caused by aldehydes particularly 2-phenylacetaldehyde and 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal.

No abstract

The processes of desalination of weakly mineralized waters using a reverse osmosis membrane were studied. The operational efficiency of membranes is limited mainly by membrane contamination. It was shown that the preliminary mechanical water purification helps to increase the productivity and selectivity of the membrane. One of the main causes of membrane contamination is the formation of carbonate deposits on their surface. One way to prevent membrane contamination is to dose antiscalants. It was established that the use of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HPAN) and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAA) as a stabilizer of scale formation is effective for concentrates of reverse osmosis desalination of water.

No abstract

Water supply sector is one of the main sectors of the national economy, it has a significant impact on other sectors of the national economy of Ukraine, development of the regional economy and the well-being of the population. Health of water supply sector of Ukraine, from year to year, is characterized by the following criteria: shortage of the financial resources necessary for the proper operation and maintenance of the water supply systems, unsatisfactory technical condition of the structures and equipment, imperfection of the sector management structure and of the sector legal framework to ensure its reliable and effective functioning. The water supply sphere is divided into the main components: centralized water supply and wastewater sector and noncentralized water supply sector. The centralized water supply sector is served by 2716 of the water supply companies of communal property mainly, the non-centralized sector is served by companies of various forms of ownership [Krylova, 2018; National report on drinking water quality and drinking water supply in Ukraine in 2018].Water leaks in external water supply pipelines are quite common. Many main and distribution pipelines in Ukraine have been laid relatively long ago and have a high percentage of wear. The production facilities of the water supply companies are most in need of restoration of the water supply and wastewater network, whereon

Здiйснено "зелений" синтез монометалiчних (Au, Ag) та бiметалiчних (Au-Ag) наночастинок (НЧ) з водних розчинiв iонiв металiв вiдповiдних прекурсорiв iз використанням вiдходiв агропромислового виробництва (шкiрки винограду). Наразi гостро стоїть проблема утилiзацiї вiдходiв агропромислового комплексу, рацiонального природокористування та перехiд до використання екологiчно безпечних енергоефективних технологiй. Тому спостерiгається тенденцiя використання "зелених" технологiй при одержаннi наноматерiалiв, що вважаються екологiчно безпечними та ресурсозберiгаючими. Встановлено ефективнiсть використання харчових вiдходiв (шкiра винограду), як вiдновника та стабiлiзуючого агента для формування наночастинок дорогоцiнних металiв моно-та бiметалевої структури. Екстракцiю бiологiчної сировини проводили у водному середовищi пiд дiєю короткотривалого впливу розряду низькотемпературної плазми. На основi комплексного аналiзу компонентного складу екстракту встановлено, що гiдроксильнi, карбонiльнi та карбоксильнi функцiональнi групи органiчних сполук екстракту шкiрки винограду, вiдповiдають за вiдновлення iонiв металiв та стабiлiзацiю отриманих НЧ. Встановлено, що формування моно-та бiметалiчних НЧ характеризується присутнiстю пiка для Ag 0 (λ мак =440 нм), для Au 0 (λ мак =540 нм), Ag-Au (λ мак =510 нм). Розмiр та стабiльнiсть наночастинок одержаних "зеленим" синтезом оцiнено в порiвняннi з показниками при плазмохiмiчному способi формування наночасток. Встановлено антибактерiальнi, каталiтичнi та протикорозiйнi властивостi синтезованих наночастинок. Одержанi монометалiчнi (Au, Ag,) та бiметалiчнi (Au-Ag) наночастинок показали вiдмiнну каталiтичну активнiсть для вiдновлення p-нiтрофенолу (4-НФ) до p-амiнофенолу (4-AФ) у присутностi NaBH 4. Синтезованi НЧ продемонстрували антибактерiальну активнiсть проти грампозитивних та грамнегативних бактерiй. Отриманi результати дають змогу розширити практичне застосування наночастинок металiв в рiзних галузях виробництв та вирiшити питання щодо збiльшення переробки та повторного використанню нелiквiдних вiдходiв Ключовi слова: водний екстракт, компонентний склад, виноград, вiдновлення, нiтрофенол, антибактерiальнi властивостi, антиоксидантна активнiсть

The research is related to solving the problem of rational use of materials and to the creation of resource-saving technologies for the protection of the environment from pollution. Sorption technologies are quite effective in wastewater treatment, but most sorbents are quite expensive, and their regeneration raises the question of recycling of spent solutions. The cheapness and availability of raw material base of biosorbents makes these technologies attractive for wastewater treatment. The research is aimed at investigation of the ways to effectively utilize the spent sorbents, which are obtained after water purification, in the production of building materials. The obtained results allow creating a complex low-waste technology of water demineralization and purification from heavy metal ions.