It is generally believed that, based on the principle of separation of powers, the branches of government are endowed with independence from each other and equality among themselves, which means that they can control and balance each other’s activities. This principle can also be considered true for politicians, representatives of each of the branches of government. Bureaucrats holding positions in the executive branch are politically equal to electocrats in the legislative branch. At the same time, bureaucrats and electocrats are politicians of different kinds, they have a large number of differences in their powers, functions, rights, and competencies. But does this principle remain immutable for the Russian political system de facto? Are bureaucrats and electocrats so different from each other in Russia? The present study, analyses the biographies of 800 politicians of the Russian Federation who hold public positions in the executive and legislative authorities of all three levels: federal, regional, and municipal. The analysis allowed us to reveal the specifics of recruitment and circulation of personnel in the Russian political system, which makes it possible to speak with a high degree of probability about the trends in the development of the Russian establishment as a whole.
Аннотация. Изучение основных принципов формирования политической элиты в России является краеугольным камнем для понимания будущей стратегии страны и вектора ее развития, так как стратегия развития будет зависеть от тех людей, которые встанут у руля управления страной. Уже сейчас наблюдается динамичный процесс «омоложения» власти, представители поколения Х активно шагают по политической карьерной лестнице и получают высокие должности. Анализ карьерного бэкграунда «молодых» политиков, основных лифтов политической карьеры, ее катализаторов и ингибиторов, скорости профессионального становления отражен в проведенном нами исследовании. Исследование проводилось на основе биографий 370 государственных служащих, которые на 1 марта 2019 г. занимали должности заместителей министров или заместителей руководителей федеральных ведомств. Биографии взяты из открытых источников и оцифрованы в базу данных. В ходе исследования изучены карьерные траектории политиков, на основе которых можно выделить ключевые институты формирования политической элиты и политические карьерные лифты. Ключевые слова: политическая элита, политическая мобильность, карьерные лифты, скорость карьеры, биографический анализ, катализаторы карьеры, ингибиторы карьеры. Цитирование: Лавров И.А. Катализаторы и ингибиторы политической карьеры в России//Вестник университета.Abstract. Studying the basic principles of the political elite formation in Russia is the cornerstone for understanding the country's future strategy and its development vector, since the development strategy will depend on those people who will be at the helm of the country's governance. There is already a dynamic process of rejuvenating the authorities, representatives of Generation X are actively striding along the political career ladder and gain high positions. The analysis of the career background of "young" politicians, the main political career elevators, its catalysts and inhibitors, and the speed of professional formation has been reflected in our research. The research was carried out on the base of biographies of 370 civil servants who, as of March 1, 2019, held the posts of deputy ministers or deputy heads of federal departments. Biographies were taken from open sources and were digitized in a database. The study examined the career paths of politicians, on the base of which it is possible to allocate the key institutions of the political elite formation and political career elevators.
The Internet, in the era of its availability and popularity in modern Russia, plays the most important role both in the dissemination of information and in the daily communications of people. Mass media also use Internet platforms as the main ones in their activities, because traditional forms of media already have a smaller audience coverage, than online-editions. Due to the fact, that in the modern Russia traditional mass media are controlled by the authorities, the Internet remains the last platform, on which independent sources can lead their activities. For today, Internet is the main force, shaping public opinion and trends. In this regard, the current Russian government has a need to develop new measures and introduce new laws to regulate this area. But is it really the primary authority`s task to ensure security within the Russian Internet, or is it driven by the desire to take control of the Internet and restrict its freedom?The main actions of the Russian authorities, taken to ensure the security of the Russian Internet, in chronological order, have been considered and analyzed. Both texts of laws and their real results after adoption have been reviewed and analyzed. For each such action an assessment of public opinion in relation to these innovations has been adduced. The compliance of the stated goals and objectives of the draft laws with their actual results has been considered. The analysis of international assessments of freedom of the mass media, freedom of the Internet and individual freedom in the Russian Federation during various periods of the implementation of these laws in everyday life has been given.
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