Peas have become the most important leguminous crop worldwide. Large areas in Russia are used for pea growing. Unfavourable weather and climatic conditions often lead to a significant yield decline. There is an urgent need to develop new high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions. The current paper presents the results of long-term breeding of modern pea cultivars Chishminsky 229, Pamiati Hangildina, Pamiati Popova, meeting the requirements of agricultural production. The research was conducted in the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The varieties were bred by repeated single selection based on intervariety hybridization. Chishminsky 229 and Pamiati Hangildina cultivars are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Pamiati Popova is currently undergoing state variety testing. According to the comparative testing in 2016-2020, the excess yield compared to Chishminsky 95 standard variety was 2.1 c/ha for Chishminsky 229 variety, 1.9 c/ha for Pamiati Hangildina cultivar, and 3.2 c/ha for Pamiati Popova cultivar.
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a widespread leguminous crop. It is used for food purposes, as well as concentrated high-protein feed for farm animals. In addition to a great nutrition value, a balanced amino acid composition and an excellent taste, it is peas that is capable to produce large grain yields even in the risky arable zone, which most of the territory of our country belongs to. The development of the new high-protein, productive pea varieties that most fully realize the soil-climatic potential and meet the requirements of agricultural production is an urgent concern of breeders. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new pea variety, adapted for cultivation in the Republic of Bashkortostan. There has been estimated the collection peas material on morphobiological and economically valuable traits. The best varieties have been used for hybridization. Among the hybridized breeding forms there has been identifed the line “L-31315/14” which possesses economically valuable traits. In 2019, this line was sent to the State Variety Testing as the variety “Pamyati Popova”. The new variety was bred by multiple individual selection from a hybrid population “K-7992” (Korea) × “Barbel”. The variety “Pamyati Popova” is a middle ripening variety with 64–78 days of vegetation period. The kernels contain 20.7–22.4% of protein. The variety is of good taste and cooking properties. Its disease and pests’ resistance is similar to that of the standard variety. According to the Competitive Variety Testing, the average yield increase of the variety “Pamyati Popova” was on 3.9 hwt/ha in 2016–2019. The largest kernel yield of the variety was 26.9 hwt/ha in 2017.
Background. Pea is the main leguminous crop in the Republic of Bashkortostan and widespread all over the world. The key role in the breeding of new pea cultivars is played by source material representing the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Pisum sativum L., searched for in plant genetic resources collections. SSR markers are successfully used to study the DNA polymorphism of various genetic objects, including pea. However, the distribution of a number of microsatellite alleles in the genotypes of specific lines and cultivars of this valuable pulse crop remains practically unexplored.Materials and methods. Molecular genetic polymorphism was studied in 40 pea cultivar accessions of different ecological and geographical origin from the Vavilov Institute’s genebank of plant genetic resources or developed at regional breeding centers. Microsatellite analysis was performed using 5 SSR markers from the genomic library of microsatellites (Agrogene®, France).Results. All markers delivered good electrophoretic profiles and helped to amplify a number of alleles per locus varying from 2 (AB53) to 9 (AA355). The total number of alleles was 26, while the average number of alleles per locus was 5.2. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.39 for locus AB53 to 0.82 for locus AA355, with the mean value of 0.60. The set of SSR markers used in the work made it possible to individualize each of the studied pea genotypes. The measured genetic distances were used to draw a dendrogram showing the distribution of genotypes according to their genetic relationship.Conclusion. Through studying the source material for pea breeding by the SSR analysis the data were obtained that provide additional information about the genetic structure of the collection and the polymorphism of the studied cultivar accessions. The results of genotyping pea cultivars and lines can be used for their genetic identification or to select parental pairs for hybridization.
One of the major challenges facing the selection of leguminous crops, and pea in particular, is to increase their technological properties and yield. An important problem is also the increase of protein content in the seeds. The aim of this work was to create a high-tech variety of field peas with a short growing period. By repeated individual selection from the hybrid population of the Chishminsky 95 × Usach field pea, a precocious, highly productive PamyatiHangildina variety of pea (leafless) was obtained. The combination of new mutant traits in one plant (seed shedding - def gene, leafless type - af gene) and elements of productivity structure with optimal level of their development allowed the variety to successfully pass all tests and in 2012 it was included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation . For an average of 5 years of competitive testing, the variety had a seed yield of 1.62 t/ha, exceeding the standard (control) by 0.67 t/ha. The created variety has a short growing period and a high content of protein in the seeds. The research results could be successfully used in the selection of improved peas.
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