Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» имени С.П. Королёва», г. Королёв, Московская обл., Российская Федерация Аннотация Ключевые слова Рассмотрена идеология, заложенная при разработке программного обеспечения информационно-управляющей системы российского сегмента Международной космической станции. Информационно-управляющая система служит для обеспечения проведения различных космических экспериментов на борту Международной космической станции. Ввиду повышающейся сложности планируемых и проводимых космических экспериментов имеющихся возможностей и вычислительных ресурсов на борту становится недостаточно. Подробно исследованы структура, принципы разработки и требования, которые были заложены при создании нового поколения компьютеров существующей системы. На примере работы созданного программного обеспечения в процессе проведения некоторых наиболее значимых экспериментов показаны преимущества и недостатки принятой концепции разработки Международная космическая станция, космические эксперименты, информационно-управляющая система, бортовой компьютер, российский сегмент
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 16-38-00458В настоящее время происходит переход от фазы строительства к полномасштаб-ному целевому использованию интегрированных в состав российского сегмента (РС) Международной космической станции (МКС) исследовательских модулей. Ключевыми модулями РС для проведения научных экспериментов (НЭ) являют-ся служебный модуль (СМ) «Звезда» (запуск осуществлен в 2000 г.), планируемые многоцелевой лабораторный модуль (МЛМ) «Наука» и научно-энергетический модуль (НЭМ). В целях создания высокотехнологичных условий проведения научных исследований на РС МКС [1, 2] в РКК «Энергия им. С.П. Королёва» ве-дутся работы по созданию информационно-управляющей системы (ИУС) на но-вых модулях, модернизации на уже существующих и объединению их вместе с бортовым комплексом управления (БКУ) в единую информационную среду.
The paper considers development of the Information Control System (ICS) of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS). The main ICS modules for carrying out scientific experiments comprise the Service Module, the Multipurpose Laboratory Module and the Science Power Module. At present specialists of Energia RSC are working to create high-tech conditions for scientific experiments on the new ISS modules, modernize the existing ones and combine them into a single onboard ISS information control complex. The information control system (ICS) is intended for automatic and manual control of space experiments. The effectiveness of modernization was confirmed by the results obtained during space experiments on the basis of the Information Control System. The ICS modernization started in 2012. At that time the ICS consisted of 4 onboard computers. The main task of ICS modernization was to introduce new computers and software-hardware systems. The software was supposed to have a flexible architecture and provide resources for all future onboard payloads. At the first stage one onboard computer was replaced. The main purpose of that stage was to test the new ISS hardware and software. The rest of the ICS computers will be replaced at the second stage, the Multipurpose Laboratory Module and the Science Power Module will also be equipped. The reliability of the system hardware is improved using functional backup. In 2014 2 cameras were installed on the ISS together with UrtheCast company (Canada).One of the cameras is a middle resolution camera; the other one is a high resolution camera. Today ground preparation of an experiment with Icarus scientific equipment is being carried out, jointly with the German Center of Aviation, DLR, and the SpaceTech company (Germany). The experience of the first stage of modernization suggests that the modernized ISS RS ICS will become an up-to-date system allowing the realization of most ambitious space experiments in automatic mode.
The paper discusses the process of integrating scientific equipment into the Russian Segment of the International Space Station (ISS RS) to conduct space experiment using the ISS IS information and control system. The paper addresses the stages in ground processing of scientific equipment that are critical for its successful operation after delivery to the ISS RS: tests on the hardware (vibration and hydraulic tests, electromagnetic compatibility tests, incoming inspection), development of the software for the equipment using ground debugging facility and conducting integrated tests in the checkout facility. It points out the need to update the existing stages of ground preparations for experiments to reduce the hardware ground processing time. Taking as examples the space experiment Terminator and experiments conducted using cargo transportation spacecraft Progress, the paper resents results obtained through the use of the described approach. Key words: information and control system, scientific equipment, space experiment, International Space Station, logistics spacecraft Progress, microgravity.
The development of Information Control System (ICS) of the Russian Segment of the International Space Station is considered. This Information Control System is intended for automatic and manual control of space experiments. To create high-tech conditions for scientific experiments on the ISS RS, RSC Energia performs operations for the ICS modernization on the Service Module, as well as the creation of ICS on the planned Multipurpose Laboratory Module and Science Power Module. The ICS modernization phases and principles are reviewed. The conduct of a series of high-tech scientific experiments was a practical result of the Service Module Information Control System (ICS) modernization. In 2014 two cameras were installed on the ISS. Today scientific experiment Icarus is being prepared for flight tests. The experience gained during experiments carried out allows to suggest that the ISS RS ICS will become a modern system allowing to implement the most ambitious experiments in the automatic mode on the ISS. Key words: Information Control System, ISS, space experiments, science hardware.
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