<p class="a">В настоящее время мир и Россия находятся в точке бифуркации. В этой точке определяется путь существующих социально-технологических структур в обозримом будущем. Выдающийся русский философ Н. А. Бердяев в начале XX в. утверждал, что день Нового времени сменится ночью Нового средневековья, и очерчивал контур нового социального строя. Известный российский философ Ф. И. Гиренок в начале XXI в. поддерживает этот взгляд, отрицая исторический прогресс, и тоже предвидит ночь Средневековья.</p><p class="a">В статье рассматриваются тенденции и явления в социальной, научной, образовательной, психологической сферах, соответствующие этому «историческому повороту» в прошлое. Рассматривается негативная сторона этих процессов, «оборотная сторона медали». Индикатором происходящих перемен стала пандемия COVID-19 и реакция на нее общества.</p><p class="a">Основой для проведенного анализа является теория самоорганизации, или синергетика. Однако этот междисциплинарный подход понимается в более широком смысле, позволяющем анализировать проблему человека, рассматривая не только рациональное, но также интуитивное и эмоциональное начала.</p><p class="a">Показано, что предотвратить переход социального «дня» в «ночь» может высокий уровень самоорганизации, идеология, понимаемая как синтез научного прогноза и образа желаемого будущего, и управление рисками технологического развития.</p>
The article considers the interaction of science and art, as well as the development of Science Art from the standpoint of the theory of self-organization and the theory of humanitarian-technological revolution. The world is at the point of bifurcation defining the future. The choice of the further trajectory will be largely determined by what is happening in the emotional and intuitive spaces. This, in turn, depends on the development of art, science, philosophy. The article discusses alternative futures and the role of culture in them.Charles Snow wrote about a gap between the two cultures — natural science, answering the question “How?” and looking into the future, and humanities, answering the question “What?” and often reflecting on the past.The growing gap between the two cultures prevents the civilization from relying to the necessary extent on scientific knowledge and leads to its devaluation. The authors show the importance of the “exchange of metaphors” between science and art, allowing to build bridges over the gap of two cultures. Another way to connect these two spaces is the development of interdisciplinary approaches, in particular, the theory of self-organization, or synergetics. In the 1970s, synergetics was conceived as a language that allowed humanitarians, specialists in natural sciences and mathematicians to discuss, formulate and pose common problems, while remaining, nevertheless, in the space of science. Now the central interdisciplinary problem is the study of not only the rational (as during the last three centuries), but also the emotional and intuitive space of human and society.Currently, there are two forecasts materializing — the one of D. Bell, on the transition from the industrial phase of development to the post-industrial, from the world of technology to the world of people, and the one of N.A. Berdyaev, on the transition from the Second Antiquity to the Second Middle Ages. The article shows how this will change the culture itself and its place in society.
We are currently experiencing a revolution associated with the rapid development and widespread introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This process provides great opportunities and is associated with great risks. It has become an important factor in geoeconomics and geopolitics, an arena for superpower rivalry.Human being exists in rational, emotional and intuitive spaces. The last three centuries have been associated with the development of rational space. We know little about the emotional space and know almost nothing about the intuitive one. These areas of cognition of the world are associated with art, artistic and social creativity, with philosophy. In the 21st century, the role of these areas will grow. There is a transition now happening from the industrial phase of the civilization development to the post-industrial one, from the world of machines to the world of people. Therefore, attempts to reduce human activity to the rational solving of problems, to replace human in many areas with artificial intelligence, will be a step backward, into the past, and not forward, into the future.The response to the challenge associated with the AI development, with the rapid spread of computer technologies, should be given, first of all, in the cultural space, in the area of meanings and values. It is necessary to rethink the essence and limitations of people, the nature of the tools that they can create, and those that should be abandoned. This is about redefining the capabilities of human beings and their place in the world, as well as about fundamental changes in the organization of society. The article shows that the strategy of “irresponsible gods” and entrusting AI with the “last issues” can bring us to a global catastrophe. However, conscious using of the opening opportunities can help humanity reach a new, higher level. And the choice between these alternatives is now being made in the cultural space.
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