The paper considers modern specific features and requirements for engineering education. The authors show changes in the forms, methods and means of professional education. The main engineering activities are specified for training area "Agroengineering". The paper underlines the importance of the comprehensive development of future engineers’ thinking, in particular, theoretical thinking, and the ability of performing logical actions with scientific concepts, using mental operations of comparison, concretizing, generalizing and abstraction. To check the development level of theoretical and logical thinking, the authors developed an educational and diagnostic test on the "Electrical Materials" course to note the necessity and possibilities of using computer testing for the strategic, systematic and objective assessment of students’ knowledge, in terms of the development of their professional thinking and competencies. There is a description of the procedure of elaborating test materials, and the test results are presented. The authors analyze the digital test results at the stage of ongoing control and the number of mistakes that students made when performing tasks of different subtests and sections. Assumptions are made about the possible reasons for the poor outcomes; possible ways to improve the test procedure are offered.
Рассматривается современное состояние исследований психологических особенностей у представителей инженерных профессий. Выполнен обзор эмпирических исследований за последние 12 лет, посвященных изучению психологических характеристик профессионалов различных инженерных специальностей и студентов, обучающихся на соответствующих направлениях подготовки.Проведен анализ особенностей организации исследований, предмета исследований и применявшихся методов, на основании этого выделены четыре основных направления исследований: определение факторов, влияющих на параметры профессиональной деятельности; оценка степени выраженности отдельных личностных особенностей; определение особенностей формирования профессионально важных качеств инженера; анализ представлений студентов о требующихся инженерам личностных качествах. Указывается, что преобладают исследования, в которых используется метод экспертной оценки, при этом подробных характеристик оцениваемых качеств нет, а организация исследований не позволяет выявить специфические только для инженеров психологические особенности.Описаны когнитивные, индивидуально-типологические и личностные качества инженеров, выделявшиеся в исследованиях разных лет. Чаще всего к личностным качествам инженеров относят: волевые качества (сдержанность, самоконтроль, упорство и т. п.), качества, в которых проявляется отношение к труду: ответственность, педантичность, добросовестность и т. п. В исследованиях последних лет предметом оценивания становятся лидерские качества, уверенность в себе, смелость, решительность, самостоятельность, профессиональная мобильность, общая культура, духовные потребности, потребность в самообразовании и готовность к нему, стрессоустойчивость. Подчеркивается необходимость формирования социальных качеств личности инженера, развития волевых черт: процессов планирования, моделирования, контроля, оценки собственной активности.Сделан вывод о необходимости организации профессиографических и сравнительных исследований для выделения личностных особенностей современного инженера. The article considers the current state of research on psychological characteristics of representatives of engineering professions. A review of empirical studies over the past 12 years, devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of professionals in various engineering specialties and students enrolled in the relevant areas of training, has been carried out. The analysis of the features of the organization of research, the subject of research and the methods used, on the basis of this, four main areas of research are distinguished: determination of factors affecting the parameters of professional activity; assessment of the severity of individual personality traits; determination of the features of the formation of professionally important qualities of an engineer; analysis of students’ ideas about the personal qualities required by engineers. It is indicated that studies that use the method of expert assessment prevail, while there are no detailed characteristics of the assessed qualities, and the organization of research does not allow identifying psychological characteristics specific only to engineers. The cognitive, individual-typological and personal qualities of engineers, which were distinguished in studies of different years, are described. Most often, the personal qualities of engineers include: volitional qualities (restraint, self-control, perseverance, etc.), qualities in which the attitude to work is manifested: responsibility, pedantry, conscientiousness, etc. qualities, self-confidence, courage, determination, independence, professional mobility, general culture, spiritual needs, the need for self-education and readiness for it, stress resistance. The necessity of forming the social qualities of the engineer’s personality, the development of volitional traits: the processes of planning, modeling, control, evaluation of one’s own activity is emphasized. It is concluded that it is necessary to organize professional and comparative studies to highlight the personality traits of a modern engineer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.