At most of the construction industry large enterprises, focused on the building materials and products production, where bulk materials are used as charge stock and there are crushing, grinding operations, etc. as a part of the technological chick, atmospheric dust emissions are not reduced in air to normalized values. Especially it concerns fine particles PM10 and PM2.5. The basis for solving the problem of ensuring environmental safety in the aerated concrete production is the efficient dust removal systems development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to study the released dust properties.
Most technological operations in the production of aerated concrete and building structures from it are accompanied by a significant amount of dust entering the atmospheric air. As a result, dust with a diverse composition enters the atmospheric air of the settlements in the territory of which the enterprises are located. The existing cleaning systems’ gears do not provide the necessary degree of dust emissions reduction in the atmosphere, exceeding the hygienic standards (the content in the air of settlements of particles with sizes less than 10 microns and 2.5 microns). The operation of CSF devices in cleaning systems has been shown to be effective in Russia and abroad. Increasing the CSF dust collectors’ efficiency can be ensured by organizing exhaust from the bin and when applying the flows with different dust contents to the lower and upper inlets.
Improving the environmental safety of manufacturing enterprises in construction industry remains an urgent task today. The need to expand the research in this area is dictated by a wide range of industrial enterprises, a range of products, as well as the varieties of bulk raw materials used in the manufacturing process. Exceeding the maximum permissible values for the content of fine dust PM10 and PM2,5 in the atmospheric air, both on the territory of industrial sites and on the borders of sanitary protection zones, is due to the ineffective operation of the existing dust cleaning systems. Analysis of the dispersed composition of dust in emissions from the construction industry, as well as the study of dust properties depending on the type of enterprise, raw materials used, the characteristics of technological operations, are the basis for the development of measures optimal for a particular production to reduce dust emissions, improve the environmental situation in general.
Low fractional efficiency of dust separation equipment used in dust cleaning systems in the production of building materials remains one of the main causes of dust emissions with a high content of РМ10 and РМ2,5 fine particles in the atmospheric air, both on the industrial sites territory, and on the borders of sanitary protection zones. The wide range of building materials produced by the construction industry with different raw materials, requires a tailor-made approach to develop the solutions to reduce dust emissions. This approach is primarily based on the properties of dust emitted during the production process.
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