The near infrared range (NIR) of the electromagnetic spectrum extends from 800 to 2500 nm, being confined between the middle IR and visible spectral regions. The method of NIR spectroscopy is based on a combination of spectrophotometry and statistical methods of multifactor analysis, which provides excellent possibilities for drug identification and quality control even without opening the package. We have studied a series of drugs including cefazolin sodium and generic drugs based on enalapril maleate. True and falsified variants of a given drug X were classified into groups according to "drug name," "drug manufacturer," and "falsified product" by means of NIR spectroscopic analyses performed using the NIR Fourier-transform instruments Multi
Introduction. The study discusses the hydrogen isotope 2 H effect on the biological activity of pharmaceutical substances.Text. Two aspects of the deuterium effect on the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients are considered. The first one involves the use of deuterated substances, new compounds or substituted counterparts. Replacing protium with deuterium is used to reduce the rate of biotransformation. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE), expressed in a decrease in the rate of biotransformation as a result of deuteration, allows us to predict the rapid development of new directions in the development of pharmaceuticals. With the same therapeutic effect, an improvement in pharmacokinetic characteristics, a decrease in toxicity, a blocking of the epimerization of optically active substances, a change in the mechanisms of action are observed. The second aspect of the deuterium effect is associated with an increase in KIE of known pharmaceutical substances in aqueous solutions with a deuterium/protium ratio (D/H) lower than in natural water. For the first time, dose-response diagrams for deuterium demonstrate identity with essential microelements. There is a safety zone for the certain D/H relationship, beyond which the organism's vitality decreases. Improved kinetic characteristics are demonstrated for molecular level and for biological objects of various hierarchical levels. In particular, they include the possibility of increasing the dissolution rate of substances, the influence on the processes of mutarotation and the optical activity of chiral substances, the degree of accumulation of necessary elements in medicinal plants, and other processes.Conclusion. The results make it possible to predict the mechanisms of deuterium influence on the biochemical transformations of pharmaceutical substances in the body.
The possibility of applying near-IR spectroscopy for drug quality control with respect to dose uniformity was studied. Methods for the calibration and determination of the content of active ingredients in model drugs with various mass fractions of the active ingredient were developed. Statistical processing of the results showed that both methods give reproducible results and do not introduce systematic errors.
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