Введение В олгоградская область является, и в перспективе остается, зоной развитого товарного бахчеводства, где основная доля производства валовой продукции данной отрасли сосредоточена в 7-8 районах, таких как Быковский, Городищенский, Дубовский и др. Среди бахчевых культур наибольший процент посевных площадей занято арбузом столовым, но в последнее время отмечается увеличение спроса на товарную продукцию дыни. Дыня-представитель засушливых районов Малой и Средней Азии является второй, по распространенности, бахчевой культурой (Cucumis melo L.), род Cucumis L., семейство тыквенных (Cucurbitaceae) [1]. Дыня, как и все бахчевые культуры, имеет лиановидный стебель с множеством усиков и, аналогичную к арбузу, корневую систему. По сравнению с другими бахчевыми культурами дыня наиболее требовательна к теплу. Как указывает К.И. Пангало (1958) только при температуре +30...+40°С процесс ассимиляции протекает луч-шим образом. При снижении температуры ниже +15°С процесс ассимиляции прекращается, растения дыни не развиваются, а при низких положительных и минусовых температурах погибают [2]. По жаростойкости дыня не уступает арбузу, температура коагуляции белка в листьях + 60°С [3] и плохо переносит почвенную засуху [4]. Ценность дыни заключается в содержании веществ, необходимых для жизни и здоровья человека [5]. Дыня-сочный продукт, поставщик воды, которая является необходимым источником жизни человека. Утрата организмом даже 10% воды приводит к старению организма и различным заболеваниям. Дыня, по содержанию воды в плодах, уступает арбузу и тыкве. По данным академика АМН СССР А.А. Покровского, в 100 г съедобной массы дыни содержится 88,5 г воды при 89,5-в арбузе и до 90,3 г-в определенных видах тыквы. По сравнению с арбузом и тыквой, в плодах дыни выше содержание углеводов, которые важны для хорошего функционирования всех клеток и тканей организма человека, Колебошина Т.Г.-доктор с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Белов С.И.-старший научный сотрудник Вербицкая Л.Н.-младший научный сотрудник Быковская бахчевая селекционная опытная станцияфилиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" 404067, Россия, Волгоградская обл., Быковский район, п. Зелёный, ул. Сиреневая, д. 11
Relevance. Melon is one of the most common cultures among melons. Bykovskaya for melon breeding research station scouting for new varieties of melon. When breeding melons, it is necessary to pay attention to such economic characteristics of melons as precocity, productivity, high quality products, resistance to disease, cold resistance.Methods. Studies were carried out in 2017-2018 at the Bikovskaya experimental station, in rainfed conditions. Object of study – varieties and hybrid populations of melon.Results. As a result of selection work the new variety sample of melon of Syngent x Dune is received. In 2017, this population was first included in the station variety testing. According to the research results, the new hybrid population Matures before The standard of the autumn variety for 6 days. The excess in yield over the standard is 6.6 t / ha. The taste of the new variety sample is at the level of standard varieties Osen. Thus, the variety sample of Syngent x Dune has a beautiful appearance, high yield of marketable products, good taste of the fruit, resistance to sunburn, good transportability, which will diversify the range of melon varieties grown in Russia.
Background. The main trend in melon breeding is the development of cultivars with good taste, high yield, and disease resistance. The task may be solved through a scientific search for new source material meeting these requirements.Materials and methods. The research was performed at Bykovsky Cucurbit Breeding Experiment Station. Melon accessions of various origin and F1 hybrids from the nursery of source material served as the research material. In total, during the period of 2015–2017, over 100 melon accessions were studied: 45 accessions from the VIR collection, 61 from various companies, and 12 developed at various research institutions. In the nursery of source material, the accessions were hybridized and the resulting hybrid combinations were tested, including tests against infections. All of them were evaluated for their economically useful traits, yield, taste qualities, and resistance to bio- and abiostressors. During the trials they were compared with the best released cultivars approved for dryland conditions according to the developed guidelines.Results. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic collections of melons and obtain new source forms for further breeding. As a result of the study of the collection material, 12 accessions were identified with the following economically useful traits: high yield (exceeding the reference by more than 20%), high dry matter content (from 14 to 19%), large fruit size (fruit weight higher than 4.0 kg), and other features. After hybridization and testing in F1, the following 5 hybrid combinations were distinguished: Ekler × Osen; Dyuna × Mayskaya, Sheker and No 323; Katyusha × Mestny (k-7459, Georgia); Harmony × Mestny (k7461, Georgia), characterized by a set of features important for breeding.Conclusion. Thus, for further improvement by breeding and release of new melon cultivars, source accessions were selected with a yield exceeding 15.0 t/ha, dry matter content of 13.0%, bright fruit color, and resistance to diseases.
Relevance. One of the main methods for solving the problem of providing the population of the Russian Federation with vegetable and melon products is the development of selection and seed production. The creation of new competitive varieties and hybrids will enable the vegetable industry to transfer to a qualitatively new level of development.Material and methods.The object of research is new varieties and hybrids of watermelon, melon and pumpkin, created at the Bykov experimental station in the rainfed conditions of the Volgograd TransVolga region. Methods of creation are intervarietal and interlinear hybridization. Results and conclusions.As a result of breeding work at the station, a number of varieties and heterosis hybrids of melons and gourds were created, which significantly expanded the assortment of the melon breeding industry. Over the past 5 years, 4 varieties of watermelon, 2 heterotic hybrids of watermelon, 3 varieties of melon and 1 grade of pumpkin have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The assortment of new varieties varies in terms of ripening, dry matter content, shape and color of the fruit background, as well as in color and pulp consistency. The length of the growing season of the created varieties and hybrids of watermelon ranges from 63 days in early ripening (Duet F1, Temp F1, Meteor) to 85 in the mid-ripening variety Malachite. The highest solids content of the new variety of watermelon Medunok is up to 14%. Among melon varieties, the shortest growing season is characterized by the Comet variety up to 70 days. All varieties have a high solids content of 14.0-19.0% and a thick flesh. Promising pumpkin varieties are distinguished by a bright coloration of the pulp, a high carotene content and a long storage period. Thus, the introduction of new varieties of gourds in commodity and home garden melon farming will allow the conveyor growing of products, increase the product mix and the period of consumption of fresh produce.
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