В статье представлены результаты изучения хозяйственно-ценных показателей новых перспективных сортов яблони осеннего срока созревания отечественной и иностранной селекции. Опыт заложен в 2018 г. На базе плодового сада Прикаспийского аграрного федерального научного центра (Астраханская область). Основными критериями отбора являлись такие показатели, как сила роста и развития, скороплодность и плодоношение. Установлено, что приживаемость изучаемых сортов была высокая и составляла 63,6…100 %. По итогам трех лет изучения выделились сорта с более сдержанным ростом деревьев в высоту - Вишнёвое, Ламбурне, Старк ред. голд, Уманское зимнее. Наиболее скороплодным выделился сорт Ламбурне (0,4 кг). В результате исследований установлено, что изученные сорта яблони в наибольшей степени реализовывают свой биологический потенциал.
The article presents the results of the study of economically valuable displays of new promising apple varieties of the autumn ripening period of domestic and foreign breeding. The experience was laid in 2018. On the basis of the orchard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center (Astrakhan region). The main selection criteria were such indicators as the strength of growth and development, fertility and fruiting. It was found that the survival rate of the studied varieties was high and amounted to 63.6...100%. According to the results of three years of study, varieties with a more restrained growth of trees in height were distinguished - Cherry, Lambourne, Stark red gold, Uman winter. The Lamburne variety (0.4 kg) was the most rapid-yielding. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied apple varieties realize their biological potential to the greatest extent.
В статье представлены результаты изучения хозяйственно-ценных показателей новых перспективных сортов яблони летнего срока созревания отечественной и иностранной селекции. Целью данных исследований являлось изучение сортов яблони по хозяйственно-биологическим показателям и выделение высокоурожайных для закладки интенсивных садов в Астраханской области. По итогам четырех лет изучения более сдержанным ростом деревьев в высоту выделились сорта Июльское и Мантет (2,3 м). Наиболее продуктивными выделились сорта Уэлси, Июльское, Квинти (0,1…0,8 кг). Установлено, что изученные сорта яблони летнего срока созревания в наибольшей степени реализовывают свой биологический потенциал.
The article presents the results of the study of economically valuable indicators of new promising apple varieties of the summer ripening period of domestic and foreign breeding. The purpose of these studies was to study apple varieties according to economic and biological indicators and to identify high-yielding intensive orchards in the Astrakhan region. According to the results of four years of study, the varieties July and Mantet (2.3 m) stood out with a more restrained growth of trees in height. The most productive varieties were Welsey, July, Quinty (0.1... 0.8 kg). It is established that the studied varieties of apple trees of the summer ripening period realize their biological potential to the greatest extent.
Relevance. The list of imported varieties and rootstocks is often determined by the marketing policy of the producing countries ; they had not been tested for specific conditions. For the first time in the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region a comprehensive assessment of new introduced apple varieties of autumn and winter ripening period was carried out to select a modern adaptive assortment for arid conditions.Methods. The experiment was laid in 2012 in the experimental orchard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of apple varieties by economic and biological indicators to optimize the regional assortment and selection of the best varieties for cultivation using intensive technologies in the Astrakhan region. The article presents the results of the study of 9 new apple varieties by productivity components in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Caspian Sea.Results. It was found that in the conditions of the arid zone, the most rapid-fruiting varieties are Renet Simirenko, Prikubanskoe, Pamyati esaulu and Renet Kubansky, who fructified in the second year of vegetation (0.2–0.5 kg/tree). Prikubanskoye (31.0 t/ha), Galakub (31.1 t/ha) and Pinovo (28.7 t/ha) varieties have been characterized by high yields over the past five years. The harmonious taste of apple fruits distinguished varieties Prikubanskoe, Pamyati esaulu, Renet Kubansky (16.7–20.0). Varieties Zolotaya korona, Paskhalnoe, Galakub, Red Chief and Pinovo had sweeter fruits (21.0–35.8).
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