The cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract were examined in experiments with global ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion (30 min) of isolated and perfused rat heart. The course of preventive administration of the extract in a dose of 400 mg/kg for 15 days diminished necrotic death of cardiomyocytes and reduced reperfusion contracture. Ganoderma lucidum extract demonstrated antioxidant properties. The authors believe that the cardioprotective properties of Ganoderma lucidum extract are largely determined by its antioxidant properties.
After in vitro ischemia, the content of adenosine triphosphate in myocardial bioptates from patients with heart diseases is reduced. This reduction is more pronounced in patients with coronary heart disease than in patients with rhythm disturbances. Administration of the antioxidant preparation histochrome to patients with coronary heart disease preserves ATP during ischemic exposure. Key Words: myocardium; ischemia; ATP; lipid peroxidation; antioxidantsSurgery, a radical treatment of coronary insufficiency in coronary heart disease (CHD), is associated with risk of some grave complications, especially in early postoperation period [1]. Apart from operation wound, these complications can be caused by reperfusion damage to the myocardium [8]. A prospective way of preventing this damage is the use of antioxidant preparations [5,9]. However, recent in vitro experiments have shown that ischemia-and reperfusioninduced disturbances of myocardial contractility, in particular, myocardial contracture are due not only to altered permeability of cell membranes, but also depend on the ATP pool remaining in cardiomyocytes (CMC) before reperfusion [12]. In light of this is was interesting to evaluate the effect of acute ischemia during heart surgery and antioxidant therapy on myocardial ATP content in CHD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperiments were carried out on fragments from right auricle obtained during aortocoronary bypass The fragments were washed from blood with cooled physiological saline and cut into 2 portions: one was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen, while the other was placed to a humidified chamber (20~ for 60 rain and then frozen in liquid nitrogen. The latter procedure adequately reproduces the conditions of aortocoronary bypass operation.Some patients with CHD (n=9) were prepared for operation according to routine scheme, while others (n=8) additionally received two intravenous injections of 3% histochrome (HC) in a dose of 1 mg/kg (24 h prior to operation and in the operating room). Histochrome, a novel Russian-manufactured antioxidant, was kindly provided by Dr. A. V. Lebedev (Russian Research and Manufacturing Cardio, logy Association). Fragments obtained from patients without CHD and operated for cardiac rhythm disturbances (n=6) served as the control.
Activation of cardiac δ -opioid receptors (ORs) by their selective agonist DPDPE (154 nM) increased the resistance of perfused rat heart to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Decreased release of creatine phosphokinase to the perfusate and decreased incidence of arrhythmias were observed during reoxygenation. At the same time, opioidergic decrease in left ventricular developed pressure took place both during the preischemic period and after restoring the coronary circulation. All these effects could be prevented by blocking δ -ORs by naltrindole or inhibition of Ca 2+ -ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclopiazonic acid. δ -OR agonist DPDPE had no effect on cAMP levels in myocardial tissue during the whole experiment. The obtained data suggest that the antiarrhythmic and cytoprotective effects observed after δ -OR stimulation can be realized through the changes in Ca 2+ transport at the level of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
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