Atypical mononuclear cells (AM) appear in significant numbers in peripheral blood of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM). We have investigated the number and lineage-specific clusters of differentiation (CD) expression of the atypical mononuclear cells in 110 children with IM using the anti-CD antibody microarray for panning the leukocytes by their surface markers prior to morphology examination. We show that AM population consists primarily of CD8+ T-cells with a small fraction (0-2% of all lymphocytes) of CD19+ B-lymphocytes. The AM amount in children with mononucleosis caused by primary EBV infection was significantly higher than for IM caused by EBV reactivation or other viruses and constituted 1-53% from all peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to 0-11% and 0-8% respectively. The children failing to recover from classic IM associated with primary EBV infection in 6 months were found to have significantly lower percentage of CD8+ AM compared to the patients with normal recovery rate.
Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, the article presents the features of infectious mononucleosis caused by the main pathogens from the Herpesviridae family, course of the disease at various phases of the infectious process. The article identifies clinical and laboratory manifestations characteristic of each pathogen. The authors discuss the issues related to the lack of the unified terminology for describing chronic herpes virus infection. The article discusses the causes of persistent herpes virus infections, risk factors for the adverse course and outcome of herpes virus infections.
The article studies a legal status and specific legal aspects in the practice of the infectious disease specialist. The authors of the article emphasize how important it is to develop legal literacy and competence (as one of the doctor’s professional competencies) within the framework of continuing professional education programs.
On the basis of the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific studies the current data on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of immunity and changes in its qualitative composition in the formation of various diseases are presented: For example, a decrease or absence of Helicobacter pylori is associated with bronchial asthma and reflux esophagitis in childhood, a change in Firmicutes/Actinobacteria ratio in psoriasis, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gastrointestinal tract in obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases are accompanied by an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract by a growth of Veillonella bacteria. The article shows the mechanisms of influence of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts on reducing the frequency of repeated infections by induction of antiviral defense genes, which in studies of probiotic therapy is confirmed by significant clinical effects. A discussion of the benefits of multistrain probiotics with comprehensive effects on the intestinal microbiota is provided. The importance of including probiotic strains in the complex therapy of acute respiratory infections is confirmed by the studies proving their positive effect on the child’s immunity, reducing the severity of the disease and the frequency of complications and relapses. The results of modern scientific research prove the importance of the optimal ratio of probiotic strains in the combination of lactoand bifidobacteria, as well as their strain specificity. The article presents information on a synbiotic created using an innovative protective technology of each sachet microgranule including a combination of 9 probiotic strains of lactoand bifidobacteria. The presence of fructooligosaccharide in the prebiotic component enhances the effect of the probiotic component.
Atopic dermatitis is a disease of early childhood. Most children are infected with the herpes simplex virus at this age. The changes in the congenital and adaptive immunity in children with atopic dermatitis create precondition for the development of infectious complications, including those caused by herpes viruses. The authors of the article discuss details of various clinical manifestations of herpes infection in children with atopic dermatitis and they carry out differential diagnostics. Particular attention is paid to herpes eczema – the severe complication of atopic dermatitis in the course of disseminated herpes infection.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.